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SYLLABUS :
INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES / IAS (PRELIMS) |
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GENERAL STUDIES |
TOP |
General Science.
Current events of national and international importance
History of India and Indian National Movement
Indian and World Geography
Indian Polity and Economy
General Mental Ability
Questions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding
of science including matters of everyday observation and experience,
as may be expected of a well educated person who has not made a special
study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events, knowledge
of significant national and international events will be tested. In
History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding of
the subject in its social, economic and political aspects. Questions
on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character
of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment
of Independence. In Geography, emphasis will be on Geography of India.
Questions on the Geography of India will relate to physical, social
and economic Geography of the country, including the main features of
Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian Polity
and Economy will test knowledge of the country’s political system
and Constitution of India, Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic
developments in India. On general mental ability, the candidates will
be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.
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AGRICULTURE |
TOP |
Agriculture, its importance in national economy. Factors determining
agroecological zones and geographic distribution of crop plants.
Importance of crop plants, cultural practices for cereal, pulses, oilseed,
fibre, sugar, tuber and fodder crops and scientific basis for these
crop rotations, multiple and relay cropping, intercropping and mixed
cropping.
Soil as medium of plant growth and its composition, mineral and organic
constituents of the soil and their role in crop production; chemical,
physical and microbiological properties of soils. Essential plant nutrients
(macro and micro)–their functions, occurrence, cycling in soils
Principles of soil fertility and its evaluation for judicious fertilizer
use. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, integrated
nutrient management.
Principles of plant physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption,
transactions, and metabolism of nutrients.
Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and their amelioration photosynthesis
and respiration, growth and development, auxins and hormones in plant
growth.
Cell and cell organelles. Cell division. Reproductive cycle, Principles
of genetics, gene-interaction, sex determination, linkage and recombination,
mutation, extra chromosomal inheritance, polyploidy. Origin and domestication
of crop plants. Genetic resources-conservation and utilization. Floral
biology in relation to selfing and crossing.
Genetic basis of plant breeding pureline selection, mass selection,
male sterility and incompatibility and their use in plant breeding.
Pedigree selection, back-cross method of selection. Heterosis and its
exploitation. Development of hybrids, composites and synthetic, Important
varieties, hybrids, composites and synthetic of major crops. Seeds and
seed-production techniques.
Important fruit and vegetable crops of India, method of propagation–Sexual
and asexual. Package and practices and their scientific basis. Crop
rotation, intercropping, companion crops, role of fruits and vegetables
in human nutrition, post-harvest handling and processing of fruits and
vegetables. Landscaping and ornamental horticulture, commercial floriculture.
Medicinal and aromatic plants. Serious pests and diseases affecting
major crops. Principles of control of crop pests and diseases, integrated
management. Proper use and maintenance of plant protection equipment.
Principles of economics as applied to agriculture. Farm planning and
optimum resource–use efficiency and maximising income and employment.
Farm systems and their spatial distribution, their significant roles
in regional economic development.
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ANIMAL
HUSBANDRY and VETERINARY SCIENCE |
TOP |
1. General : Role of Livestock in Indian Economy and human health. Mixed
farming. Agroclimatic zones and livestock distribution. Socioeconomic
aspects of livestock enterprise with special reference to women.
2. Genetics and Breeding : Principle of genetics, chemical nature of
DNA and RNA and their models and functions. Recombinant DNA technology,
transgenic animals, multiple ovulation and embryo-transfer. Cytogenetics,
immunogenetics and biochemical polymorphic and their application in
animal improvement. Gene actions. Systems and strategies for improvement
of livestock for milk, meat, wool production and drought and poultry
for eggs and meat. Breeding of animals for disease resistance. Breeds
of livestock, poultry and rabbits.
3. Nutrition : Role of nutrition in animal health and production. Classification
of feeds, Proximate composition of feeds, feeding standards, computation
of rations. Ruminant nutrition. Concepts of total digestible nutrients
and starch equivalent systems. Significance of energy determinations.
Conservation of feeds and fodder and utilization of agro by-products.
Feed supplements and additives. Nutrition deficiencies and their management.
4. Management : Systems of housing and management of livestock, poultry
and rabbits. Farm record. Economics of livestock, poultry and rabbit
farming. Clean milk production. Veterinary hygiene with reference to
water, air and habitation. Sources of water and standards of potable
water. Purification of water. Air changes and thermal comfort. Drainage
systems and effluent disposal. Biogas.
5. Animal Production : (a) Artificial insemination, fertility and sterility.
Reproductive physiology, semen charcteris-tics and preservation. Sterility
its causes and remedies.
(b) Meat eggs and wool production. Methods of slaughter of meat animals,
meat inspection, judgement, carcass characteristics, adulteration and
its detection processing and preservation.; Meat products, quality control
and nutritive value, By-products. Physiology of egg production, nutritive
value, grading of eggs preservation and marketing.
Types of wool, grading and marketing.
6. Veterinary Science : (i) Major contagious diseases affecting cattle,
buffaloes, horses, sheep and goats, pigs, poultry, rabbits and pet animals-Etiology,
symptoms, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and control of major bacterial,
viral, rickettsial and parasitic infections.
(ii) Description, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the following
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(a) Production diseases of milch animals, pig and poultry.
(b) Deficiency diseases of domestic livestock and birds.
(c) Poisonings due to infected/contaminated foods and feeds, chemicals
and drugs.
7. Principles of immunization and vaccination : Different types of immunity,
antigens and antibodies. Methods of immunization. Breakdown of immunity,
Vaccines and their use in animals.
Zoonoses, Foodborne infections and intoxications, occupation hazards
8. (a) Poisons used for killing animals euthanesia.
(b) Drugs used for increasing production/performance efficiency, and
their adverse effects.
(c) Drugs used to tranquilize wild animals as well as animals in captivity.
(d) Quarantine measures in India and abroad. Act, Rules and Regulations.
9. Dairy Science : Physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk.
Quality assessment of milk and milk products, Common tests and legal
standards. Cleaning and sanitation of dairy equipment. Milk collections,
chilling, transportation processing, packaging, storage and distribution.
Manufacture of market milk, cream butter, cheese, ice-cream, condensed
and dried milk, by products and Indian Milk products.
Unit operations in dairy plant.
Role of micro organisam in quality of milk and products physiology of
milk secretion.
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BOTONY |
TOP |
1. Cell Biology : Structure and function of cell wall (extracellular
matrix or ECM), cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus,
nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis,
molecular control involving checkpoints in cell division cycle. Differentiation,
cellular senescence.
2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology : Laws of inheritance.
Concept of gene and allelomorph. Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping.
Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations.
Sex determination and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic
acids and proteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic
engineering and crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ
cultures. Somatic hybridization. Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology
in agri-horticulture, medicine and industry.
3. Tissue Systems : Origin, development, structure and function of primary
and secondary tissues.
4. Plant Diversity and Systematics : Structure and function of plant
forms from evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils).
Principles of nomenclature, classification and identification of plants.
Modern approaches in plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living
organism into three groups (bacteria, archaea and eukarya).
5. Plant Physiology: Water relations. Mineral nutrition. Photosynthesis.
Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of
growth, growth movements, growth substances, photomorphogenesis. Secondary
metabolites. Isotopes in biological studies. Physiology of flowering.
6. Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology : Vegetative, asexual and
sexual methods of reproduction. Pollination and fertilization. Sexual
incompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of
seed.
7. Plant Pathology : Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, mustard,
groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors,
pathogen factors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere organisms).
Chemical, biological and genetic methods of disease control (including
transgenic plants).
8. Plant and Environment : Biotic and abiotic components. Ecological
adaptation. Types of vegetational zones and forests of India. Deforestation,
afforestation, social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion,
wasteland, reclamation. Environmental pollution and its control (including
phytoremediation). Bioindicators. Global warming.
9. Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of
plant genetic resources and its importance. Convention of Biological
Diversity (CBD). Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cell/tissue
culture in propagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as
sources of food, fodder, forage, fibres, oils, drugs, wood and timber,
paper, rubber, beverages, spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes,
insecticides, pesticides and ornamentation. Biomass as a source of energy.
10. Origin of Life and Evolution: Basic concepts of origin of earth
and origin of life. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of
evolution.
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CHEMISTRY |
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Section-A
Inorganic Chemistry
1.1 Atomic structure : Schrodinger wave equation, significance of y
and y2 quantum numbers and their significance, radial and angular probability,
shapes of orbitals, relative energies of atomic orbitals as a function
of atomic number. Electronic configurations of elements; Aufbau principle,
Hund's multiplicity rule, Pauli exclusion principle.
1.2 Chemical periodicity : Periodic classification of elements, salient
characteristics of s,p,d and f block elements. Periodic trends of atomic
radii, ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity
in the periodic table.
1.3 Chemical bonding : Types of bonding, overlap of atomic orbitals,
sigma and pi bonds, hydrogen and metallic bonds. Shapes of molecules,
bond order, bond length, V.S.E.P.R. theory and bond angles. The concept
of hybridization and shapes of molecules and ions.
1.4 Oxidation states and oxidation number : Oxidation and reduction,
oxidation numbers, common redox reactions, ionic equations. Balancing
of equations for oxidation and reduction reactions.
1.5 Acids and bases : Bronsted and Lewis theories of acids and bases.
Hard and soft acids and bases. HSAB principle, relative strengths of
acids and bases and the effect of substituents and solvents on their
strength.
1.6 Chemistry of elements :
(i) Hydrogen: Its unique position in the periodic table, isotopes, ortho
and para hydrogen, industrial production, heavy water.
(ii) Chemistry of s and p block elements : electronic configuration,
general characteristics properties, inert pair effect, allotropy and
catenation. Special emphasis on solutions of alkali and alkaline earth
metals in liquid ammonia. Preparation, properties and structures of
boric acid, borates, boron nitrides, borohydride (diborane), carboranes,
oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen, phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine;
interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudohalogens, fluorocarbons
and basic properties of halogens. Chemical reactivity of noble gases,
preparation, structure and bonding of noble gas compounds.
(iii) Chemistry of d block elements: Transition metals including lanthanides,
general characteristic properties, oxidation states, magnetic behaviour,
colour. First row transition metals and general properties of their
compounds (oxides, halides and sulphides); lanthanide contraction.
1.7 Extraction of metals : Principles of extraction of metals as illustrated
by sodium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, nickel, copper, silver and gold.
1.8 Nuclear Chemistry : Nuclear reactions; mass defect and binding energy,
nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactors; radioisotopes and their
applications.
1.9 Coordination compounds : Nomenclature, isomerism and theories of
coordination compounds and their role in nature and medicine.
1.10 Pollution and its control : Air pollution, types of air pollutants;
control of air and water pollution; radioactive pollution.
Section-B
(Organic Chemistry)
2.1 Bonding and shapes of organic molecules : Electronegativity, electron
displacements-inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects; bond
polarity and bond polarizability, dipole moments of organic molecules;
hydrogen bond; effects of solvent and structure on dissociation constants
of acids and bases; bond formation, fission of covalent bonds : homolysis
and heterolysis; reaction intermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free
radicals and carbenes; generation, geometry and stability; nucleophiles
and electrophiles.
2.2 Chemistry of aliphatic compounds: Nomenclature; alkenes-synthesis,
reactions (free radical halogenation) -- reactivity and selectivity,
sulphonation-detergents; cycloalkanes-Baeyer's strain theory; alkenes
and alkynes-synthesis, electrohilic addition reactions, Markownikov's
rule, peroxide effects, 1- 3-dipolar addtion; nucleophilic addition
to electron-deficient alkenes; polymerisation; relative acidity; synthesis
and reactions of alkyl halides, alkanols, alkanals, alkanones, alkanoic
acids, esters, amides, nitriles, amines, acid anhydrides, a, ß-unsaturated
ketones, ethers and nitro compounds.
2.3 Stereochemistry of carbon compounds : Elements of symmetry, chiral
and achiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerism
of lactic and tartaric acids, enantiomerism and diastereoisomerism;
configuration (relative and absolute); conformations of alkanes upto
four carbons, cyclohexane and dimethylcyclo-hexanes-their potential
energy. D, L-and R, S-notations of compounds containing chiral centres;
projection formulae-Fischer, Newman and sawhorse-of compounds containing
two adjacent chiral centres; meso and dl-isomers, erythro and threo
isomers; racemization and resolution; examples of homotopic, enantiotopic
and diasteretopic atoms and groups in organic compounds, geometrical
isomers; E and Z notations. Stereochemistry of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions.
2.4 Organometallic compounds : Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard
reagents, alkyl lithium compounds.
2.5 Active methylene compounds : Diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate,
ethyl cyanoacetate-applications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (keto-enol).
2.6 Chemistry of aromatic compounds : Aromaticity; Huckel's rule; electrophilic
aromatic substitution-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation (nuclear
and side chain), Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, substituents
effect; chemistry and reactivity of aromatic halides, phenols, nitro-,
diazo, diazonium and sulphonic acid derivatives, benzyne reactions.
2.7 Chemistry of biomolecules : (i) Carobhydrates : Classification,
reactions, structure of glucose, D, L-configuration, osazone formation;
fructose and sucrose; step-up step-down of aldoses and ketoses, and
ther interconversions, (ii) Amino acdis : Essential amino acids; zwitterions,
isoelectric point, polypeptides; proteins; methods of synthesis of a-amino
acids. (iii) Elementary idea of oils, fats, soaps and detergents.
2.8 Basic principles and applications of UV, visible, IR and NMR spectroscopy
of simple organic molecules.
Section-C
(Physical Chemistry)
3.1 Gaseous state : Deviation of real gases from the equation of state
for an ideal gas, van der Waals and Virial equation of state, critical
phenomena, principle of corresponding states, equation for reduced state.
Liquification of gases, distribution of molecular speed, collisions
between molecules in a gas; mean free path, speicific heat of gases
3.2 Thermodynamics : (i) First law and its applications: Thermodynamic
systems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy, zeroth
law of thermodynamics, various types of work done on a system in reversible
and irreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermochemistry, enthalpy
and enthalpy changes in various physical and chemical processes, Joule-Thomson
effect, inversion temperautre. Heat capacities and temperature dependence
of enthalpy and energy changes.
(ii) Second law and its applications : Spontaneity of a process, entropy
and entropy changes in various processes, free energy functions, criteria
for equilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic
quantities.
3.3 Phase rule and its applications : Equilibrium bewteen liquid, solid
and vapours of a pure substance, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its
applications. Number of components, phases and degrees of freedom; phase
rule and its applications; simple systems with one (water and sulphur)
and two components (lead-silver, salt hydrates). Distribution law, its
modifications, limitations and applications.
3.4 Solutions : Solubility and its temperature dependence, partially
miscible liquids, upper and lower critical solution temperatres, vapour
pressures of liquids over their mixtures, Raoult's and Henry's laws,
fractional and steam distillations.
3.5 Colligative Properties : Dilute solutions and colligative properties,
determination of molecular weights using colligative properties.
3.6 Electrochemistry : Ions in solutions, ionic equilibria, dissociation
constants of acids and bases, hydrolysis, pH and buffers, theory of
indicators and acid-base titrations. Conductivity of ionic solutions,
its variation with concentration, Ostwald's dilution law, Kohlrausch
law and its application. Transport number and its determination. Faraday's
laws of electrolysis, galvanic cells and measurements of their e.m.f.,
cell reactions, standard cell, standard reduction potential, Nernst
equation, relation between thermodynamic quantities and cell e.m.f.,
fuel cells, potentiometric titrations.
3.7 Chemical kinetics : Rate of chemical reaction and its dependence
on concentrations of the reactants, rate constant and order of reaction
and their experimental determination; differential and integral rate
equations for first and second order reaction, half-life periods; temperature
dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters; elementary ideas
regarding collision and transition state theory.
3.8 Photochemistry : Absorption of light, laws of photochemistry, quantum
yield, the excited state and its decay by radiative, nonradiative and
chemical pathways; simple photochemical reactions.
3.9 Catalysis : Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and their characteristics,
mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysed reactions (Michaelis-Menten
mechanism).
3.10 Colloids : The colloidal state, preparation and purification of
colloids and their characteristics properties; lyophilic and lyophobic
colloids and coagulation; protection of colloids; gels, emulsions, surfactants
and micelles.
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CIVIL
ENGINEERING |
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Part-A
1. Engineering Mechanics : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors,
Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, nonconcurrent
and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignon's theorem,
free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work,
equivalent force system.
First and Second Moments of area, Mass moment of Inertia.
Static Friction Inclined plane and bearings.
Kinematics and Kinetics : Kinematics in cartesian and polar co-ordinates,
motion under uniform and nonuniform acceleration, motion under gravity.
Kinetics of particle : Momentum and Energy principles, D `Alembert's
Principle, Collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple
harmonic motion.
2. Strength of Materials : Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants,
axially loaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment,
theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections,
Beams of uniform strength, Leaf spring, Strain Energy in direct stress,
bending and shear.
Deflection of beams : Macaulay's method, Mohr's moment area method,
Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Transmission
of power, closecoiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns
: Euler's, Rankine's and Secant formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains
in two dimensions, Mohr's Circle. Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin
and Thick cylinders : Stresses due to internal and external pressures-Lame's
equation.
3. Structural Analysis : Analysis of pin jointed plane trusses, deflection
in trusses. Three hinged and two hinged arches, rib shortening, temperature
effects, influence lines in arches. Analysis of propped cantilevers,
fixed beams, continuous beams and rigid frames. Slope deflection, moment
distribution,, Kani's method and Matrix method : Force and Displacement
methods. Rolling loads and influece lines for determinate beams and
pin jointed trusses.
Part-B
Geotechnical Engineering: Types of soil, field identification and classification,
phase relationships, consistency limits, particle size distribution,
classification of soil, structure and clay mineralogy.
Capillary water and structural water, effective stress and pore water
pressure, Darcy's Law, factors affecting permeability, determination
of permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits.
Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation,
Terzaghi's theory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test.
Compaction of soil, optimum moisture content, Proctor Density.
Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, types of sampler,
field tests.
Shear strength of soils, Mohr-Coulomb failure theory, shear tests Earth
pressure at rest, active and passive pressures, Rankine's theory, Coulomb's
wedge theory, earth pressure on retaining wall.
Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross
bearing pressure, Immediate and consolidation settlement.
Load carrying capacity of pile groups.
Stability of slope-Conventional method of slices, stability numbers.
Transporation Engineering : Highway alignment, choice of layout and
capacity of highways, location survey, geometric design of highways-various
elements, curves, grade separation and segregation of traffic, intersection
design, highway materials and testing subgrade and pavement components,
types of pavements, road drainage, elements of airport engineering.
Railway engineering-elements of permanent track-rails, sleepers, ballast
and rail fastenings, tractive resistance, elements of geometric design-gradients
and grade compensation on curves, cant transition curves and vertical
curves, stresses in railway tracks, points and crossings, signalling
and interlocking, maintenance of railway track. Culverts and small bridges.
Part-C
Fluid Mechanics: fluid properties, fluid statics, forces on plane and
curved surfaces, stability of floating and submerged bodies.
Kinematics: Velocity, streamlines, continuity equation, accelerations
irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions,
flownet, separation.
Dynamics: Euler's equation along streamline, control volume equation,
continuity, momentum, energy and moment of momentum equation from control
volume equation, applications to pipe flow, moving vanes, moment of
momentum, Dimensional analysis.
Boundary layer on a flat plate, drag and lift on bodies. Laminar and
Turbulent Flows. Laminar and turbulent flow through pipes, friction
factor variation, pipe networks, water hammer, and surge tanks.
Open Channel Flow: Energy and momentum correction factors, uniform and
non-uniform flows, specific energy and specific force, critical depth,
Friction factors and roughness coefficients, flow in transitions, free
overfall, weirs, hydraulic jump, surges, gradually varied flow equations,
surface profiles, moving hydraulic jump.
Part-D
Environmental Engineering
Water Supply: Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources,
predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance,
physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, water borne diseases,
standards for potable water.
Intake of water: pumping and gravity schemes, water treatment: principles
of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-,
filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.
Water storage and distribution: storage and balancing reservoir types,
location and capacity. Distribution systems: layout, hydraulics of pipe
lines, pipe fittings, valves including check and pressure reducing valves,
meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance
of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations.
Sewerage systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage-separate
and combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances,
manholes, inlets, juctions, siphon. Plumbing in Public buildings.
Sewage characterisation: BOD, COD, solids, dissloved oxygen, nitrogen
and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.
Sewage treatment: Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation
tank, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process,
septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.
Construction Management : Elements and principles of Activity on Arrow
(AOA) and Activity on Node (AON) networks and work breakdown structure.
Interfaces. Ladder networks. Activity time. Time computations and floats.
ATC and PTC trade-off. Work study and sampling. Scheduling principles-material
schedules. ABC and EOQ analysis of inventory. Budgeting with barcharts.
Working capital. PERT, probability of completion.
Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth,
annual cost, benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and
size. Choosing between alternatives including levels of investments.
Project profitability.
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COMMERCE |
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Part-I
Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information
System-Users of Accounting Information.
Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual
Concept-Other concepts and conventions, Distinction between capital
and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting
standards relating to fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition
of revenue.
Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory
Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.
Final Accounts of non profit organisation.
Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner
and dissolution of a firm.
Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of Convertible
Debentures.
Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and
interpretation. Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency
and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI)
in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow
Statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds-Societal
obligations of Accounting.
Auditing
- Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.
- Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents
and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.
- Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.
- Evaluation of internal controls.
- Test checking and sampling.
- Broad outlines of company audit.
- Audit of non-corporate enterprises.
- Internal and management audit.
Part-II
Business Organisation
Distinctive features of different forms of business organisation.
Sole Proprietor
Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights
and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.
Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.
Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.
Types of securities and methods of their issue.
Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds.
Control and regulation of capital market.
Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation
of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business.
Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives
for export promotion. Financing of foreign trade.
Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General
Insurance.
Management
Management functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority
Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication,
Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.
Coordination-Concept, types, methods.
Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary
and wage administration-Job evaluation.
Organisation Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation
of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives and Management
by Exception.
Management of change; Crisis Management.
Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling
of records- modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines;
Automation and Personal computers.
Impact of Organisation and Methods (O & M)
Company Law
Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine
of indoor management and constructive notice.
Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.
Accounts and Audit of Companies.
Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.
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ECONOMICS |
TOP |
General Economics
1) Micro-economics : (a) Production : Agents of Production; Costs and
Supply; Isoquants (b) Consumption and Demand; Elasticity concept (c)
Market Structure and concepts of equilibrium; (d) Determination of prices;
(e) Components and Theories of Distribution (f) Elementary concepts
of Welfare economics : Pareto-optimality-Private and social products-consumers
surplus.
2) Macro-economics : (a) National Income concepts; (b) Determinants
of National Income Employment (c) Determinants of consumption, savings
and Investment (d) Rate of Interest and its determination (e) Interest
and profit.
3) Money, Banking and Public Finance : (a) Concepts of Money and measures
of money supply; velocity of money (b) Banks and credit creation; Banks
and portfolio management. (c) Central Bank and control over money supply
(d) Determination of the price level. (e) Inflation, its causes and
remedies. (f) Public, Finance-Budgets-Taxes and non-tax revenues-Types
of Budget deficits.
4) International Economics : (a) Theories of International Trade-comparative
costs-Heckscher-Ohlin-Gains from Trade-Terms of Trade. (b) Free Trade
and Protection. (c) Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment. (d)
Exchange rate under free exchange markets. (e) Evolution of the International
Monetary System and World Trading order-Gold Standard-the Brettonwoods
system. IMF and the World Bank and their associates. Floating rates-GATT
and WTO
(5) Growth and Development : (a) Meaning and measurement of growth;
Growth, distribution and Welfare; (b) Characteristics of underdevelopment;
(c) Stages of Development; (d) Sources of growth-capital, Human capital,
population, productivity, Trade and aid, non-economic factors; growth
Strategies, (e) Planning in a mixed economy-Indicative planning-Planning
and growth.
(6) Economic Statistics : Types of averages-measures of dispersion-correlation-Index
numbers; types, uses and limitations.
Part-II
Indian Economics
1. Main features; Geographic size-Endowment of natural resources, Population;
size, composition quality and growth trend-Occupational distribution-Effects
of British Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy.
2. Major problems, their dimensions, nature and broad causes; Mass poverty-Unemployment
and its types-Economics effects of population pressure-Inequality and
types thereof-Low productivity and low per capita income, Rural-urban
disparities-Foreign Trade and payments imbalances. Balance of Payments
and External Debt- Inflation, and parallel economy and its effects-Fiscal
deficit.
3. Growth in income and employment since Independence-Rate, Pattern,
Sectoral trends-Distributional Changes-Regional disparities.
4. Economic Planning in India : Major controversies on planning in India-Alternative
strategies-goals and achievements, shortfalls of different plans-planning
and the Market.
5. Broad Fiscal, monetary, industrial trade and agricultural policies-objectives,
rationale, constraints and effects.
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING |
TOP |
Electrical Circuits-Theory and Applications
Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods
: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications;
transient analysis : RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state
analysis; resonant circuits and applications; coupled circuits and applications;
balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer
functions; poles and zeros of network functions.
Signals & Systems
Representation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & system's
; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of
LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations.
Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.
Sampling and recovery of signals.
Control Systems
Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop
& closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back.
LTI systems : time domain and transform domain analysis. Stability :
Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist's criterion. Bode-plots,
Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PID controllers.
E.M. Theory
Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell's equations; e.m.
waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission
lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.
Electrical Engineering Materials
Electrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons
and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction;
solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials :
polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials:
behaviour and application.
Analog Electronics
Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode
and voltage regulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET
and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits.
Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers
: analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits;
filters; oscillators.
Digital Electronics
Boolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital
IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic
circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoder's. Sequential circuits
: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers. Comparators,
timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor
memories.
Communication Systems
Fourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation
and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation
systems : amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral
analysis; superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential
PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase
and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division,
frequency-division. Additive Gaussian noise : characterization using
correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal-to-noise
ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication
systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation & demodulation.
Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite
and mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar
engineering and radio aids to navigation.
Computers and Microprocessors
Computer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional
organization, machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired
and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors
: 8-bit microprocessors -architecture, instruction set, assembly level
programming, memory, I/O interfacing, microcontrollers and applications.
Measurement and Instrumentation
Error analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor,
resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements.
Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter,
frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers:
thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal.
Use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquisition
systems.
Energy Conversion
Single-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests,
regulation and efficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer.
Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers
characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation;
three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and
speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronous generators:
performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronous
motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor.
FHP motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors,
single-phase motors.
Power Systems
Electric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line
parameters: steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines
and cables. Distribution systems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona
and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance
and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor
correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differential
and distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept
of system stability. HVDC transmission.
Power Electronics and Electric Drives
Semiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO
and MOSFET, static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering
circuits; phase controlled rectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled
and half controlled; principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. Basic
concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.
Elements of IC Fabrication Technology
Overview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer
cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion,
ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVD techniques for deposition of poly-silicon,
silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide; metallisation and passivation.
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GEOGRAPHY |
TOP |
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Section-A
Physical Geography
i) Geomorphology
Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types
and characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes;
Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.
ii) Climatology
Structure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts
and Wind systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones;
Major climatic types.
iii) Oceanography
Ocean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents,
El Nino and La Nino; Waves and tides.
iv) Biogeography
Origin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and
food chain; Environmental degradation and conservation.
Section-B
Human Geography
i) Man and Environment Relationship
Growth and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and
Possibilism.
ii) Population
Races of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population;
migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.
iii) Economic Activities
Food gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry;
Types of agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation;
Mining, Power; Manufacturing -locational factors of textile, iron and
steel, sugar and fertilizer industries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport,
communication and services.
iv) Settlements
Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation;
morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and
mega-cities.
Section-C
Geography of the World
i) Major Natural Regions : Characteristics, economic base and human
adaptation.
ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries : Canada, U.S.A., Western
Europe, Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia,
China, Southern Africa and Brazil.
iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.
Section-D
Geography of India
i) Physical Setting
Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.
ii) Economic Base
Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources;
irrigation, agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.
iii) Population
Growth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics.
iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.
Section-E
Geographical Thought
i) Ancient Period : Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.
ii) Pre-Modern Period : Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and
Ritter.
iii) Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions
of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.
iv) Recent Period : Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism
and Humanism.
Section-F
Techniques of Geographical Analysis
i) Maps : Scale and types, uses.
ii) Diagrams : Types and uses
iii) Projections : Types, characteristics and uses.
iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) : Aerial
photographs and imagery, GIS.
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GEOLOGY |
TOP |
Part-I
(a) General Geology : Solar System. The Earth : its origin, age and
internal constitution. Volcanoes-types, distribution geological effects
and products. Earthquakes-intensity, magnitude, distribution, causes
and effects. Elementary ideas about isostasy, geosynclines, mountain
building, continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics.
(b) Geomorphology : Basic concepts. External and internal processes.
Rock weathering. Cycle of erosion. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns.
Landforms of aeolian, marine, glacial and 'Karst' landscapes. Elements
of Remote Sensing.
(c) Structural and field Geology : Primary and secondary structures.
Dip and strike of beds. Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults,
foliation and lineations. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of
rock deformation. Construction of block diagrams. Stereographic and
equal-area nets. Solutions of simple problems by stereographic net.
Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass
in the field Measurements of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and
lineations in the field. Principles of geological mapping. Effects of
topography on outcrops. Drawing of sections.
Part-II
(a) Crystallography : Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography,
Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems.
Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter. Petrological
microscope and accessories. Construction and use of Nicole prism. Pleochroism,
double refraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals,
Isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals.
(b) Mineralogy : Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following
common rock forming minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole,
olivine, garnet, chlorite, carbonates, aluminosilicates. Structure of
silicates and crystal chemistry of minerals. Gemstones.
(c) Economic Geology :Ore, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of
ore deposits. Important processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin
and distribution in India of the ores of aluminium, chromium, copper,
gold, lead, zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements. Deposits
of minerals use as abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits
of coal and petroleum. Elements of prospecting for mineral deposits.
Part -III
(a) Igneous Petrology :Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks.
Bowen's reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification
of igneous rocks. Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition,
origin and mode of occurrence of granite, syenite, diorite, mafic and
ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.
(b) Sedimentary Petrology : Sedimentary process and products. Classification
of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits - their
mode of formation, chacteristics and types, Clastic deposits- their
classification, mineral composition and texture. Elementary ideas about
the origin and characteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes.
Siliceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.
(c) Metamorphic Petrology :Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones,
grades and facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism.
Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous,
arenaceous, calcareous and basic rocks. Metasomatism.
Part-IV
(a) Paleontology :Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization.
Modes of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and
geological history of Foraminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda,
Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoidea and Anthozoa.
Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.
(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India :Fundamental laws of stratigraphy.
Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and
chronostratigraphic. Geological time scale.
Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief
study of Dharwar, Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group
with reference to their major subdivisions, lithology, fossils, areal
distribution and economic importance.
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HISTORY |
TOP |
Section-A
1. Prehistoric cultures in India
2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy
and culture. Contacts with other cultures.Problems of decline.
3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming
communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron
phases.
4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; changefrom Rigvedic to later Vedic
phases. Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation;
evolutuion of monarchy and varna system.
5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas.
Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.
6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions;
his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.
7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis.
The Satavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society.
Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the
outside world. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana
Buddhism; Jainism; Culture and art.
8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political
organisation of empire. Economy and society. Literature and science.
Arts.
Section-B
9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian
and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility.
Postition of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.
10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of
temples and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature
and Science. Alberuni’s "India". Art and architecture.
11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes
and consequences. Delhi Sultanate under the "Slave" Rulers.
Alauddin Khalji : Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures.
Muhammad Tughlug's innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the
Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements
in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.
13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties;
Vijaya-nagara Empire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur,
Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.
Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth
of regional literatures. Art and Culture.
14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative
measures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir,
Shahjahan and Aurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies.
Shivaji.
Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl;
Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.
Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commerce
with Europe. Social stratification and status of women.
16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha
power under the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements
of composite culture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.
Section-C
17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore
and its resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars.
Early structure of British raj: Regulating and Pitt's India Acts.
18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute);
land revenue settlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation;
Railways and commercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.
19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education
and modern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements;
growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern
literature in Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.
20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes,
nature, course and consequences.
21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness;
Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress
and its Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The
growth of "Extremism" and the 1907 split in Congress; The
Act of 1909 - the policy of Divide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of
1916.
22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation-
Khilafat and Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India
Movement; Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the
Left, Subhas Chandra Bose and the Indian National Army.
23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League
and the Hindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and
Independence.
24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic
(republic the 1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of a developed,
socialist society. Planning and state-controlled industrialization.
Agrarian reforms. Foreign policy of Non-alignment. Border conflict with
China and Chinese aggression.
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LAW |
TOP |
I Jurisprudence
1. Nature and concept of law.
2. Schools of Jurisprudence : Analytical, Historical, Philosophical,
Sociological & Natural.
3. Administration of Justice : Theories of punishment.
4. Sources of Law : Custom, Precedent and Legislation.
5. A few basic Legal concepts:
(i) Rights and Duties.
(ii) Legal Personality.
(iii) Ownership and Possession.
II Constitutional Law of India
1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution.
2. Preamble.
3. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.
4. Constitutional position and powers of President and Governors.
5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurisdiction, powers, appointment
and transfer of Judges.
6. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service Commissions:
Powers and functions.
7. Distribution of Legislative and Administrative Powers between the
Union and the States.
8. Emergency Provisions.
9. Amendment of the Consstitution.
III International Law :
1. Nature and definition of International Law.
2. Sources: Treaty, Custom, General Principles of Law recognised by
civilised nations and subsidiary means of determination of law.
3. State Recognition and State Succession.
4. The United Nations, its objective, purpose and principal organs;
Constitution, role and jurisdiction of International Court of Justice.
5. Protection of Human Rights:
(i) Provisions in the UN Charter. .
(ii) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.
(iii) International Convenant of Civil and Political Rights, 1966.
(iv) International Convenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
1966.
IV Torts :
1. Nature and Defination of Tort.
2. Liability based on fault and strict liability.
3. Vicarious Liability including State Liability.
4. Joint Tort feasors.
5. Negligence.
6. Defamation.
7. Conspiracy
8. Nuisance.
9. False imprisonment.
10. Malicious Prosecution.
V Criminal Law
:
1. General Principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus.
2. Preparation and criminal attempts
3. General Exceptions.
4. Joint and constructive liability.
5. Abetment
6. Criminal Conspiracy.
7. Sedition.
8. Murder and culpable homicide.
9. Theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity.
10. Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust.
VI Law of Contract
:
1. Definition of contract.
2. Basic elements of contract: Offer, acceptance, consideration, contracutal
capacity.
3. Factors vitiating consent.
4. Void, Voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.
5. Wagering agreements.
6. Contingent contracts.
7. Performance of contracts.
8. Dissolution of contractual obligations: frustration contracts.
9. Quasi-contracts.
10. Remedies for breach of contract.
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MATHEMATICS |
TOP |
Transformation of a Finite Dimensional
Vector Space, Matrix Representation.
Singular and Nonsingular
Transformations. Rank and Nullity.
Matrices : Addition, Multiplication,
Determinants of a Matrix, Properties of
Determinants of order, Inverse of a
Matrix, Cramer's rule.
3. Geometry and Vectors : Analytic
Geometry of straight lines and conics in
Cartesian and Polar coordinates; Three
Dimensional geometry for planes,
straight lines, sphere, cone and
cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and
Products of Vectors and Simple
applications to Geometry.
4. Calculus : Functions, Sequences,
Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives.
Application of Derivatives : Rates of
change, Tangents, Normals, Maxima,
Minima, Rolle's Theorem, Mean Value
Theorems of Lagrange and Cauchy,
Asymptotes, Curvature. Methods of
finding indefinite integrals, Definite
Integrals, Fundamental Theorem of
integrals Calculus. Application of
definite integrals to area, Length of a
plane curve, Volume and Surfaces of
revolution.
5. Ordinary Differential Equations :
Order and Degree of a Differential
Equation, First order differential
Equations, Singular solution,
Geometrical interpretation, Second order
equations with constant coefficients.
6. Mechanics : Concepts of
particles-Lamina; Rigid Body;
Displacements; force; Mass; weight;
Motion; Velocity; Speed; Acceleration;
Parallelogram of forces; Parallelogram
of velocity, acceleration; resultant;
equilibrium of coplanar forces; Moments;
Couples; Friction; Centre of mass,
Gravity; Laws of motion; Motion of a
particle in a straight line; simple
Harmonic Motion; Motion under
conservative forces; Motion under
gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity;
Motion of artificial satellites.
7. Elements of Computer Programming :
Binary system, Octal and Hexadecimal
systems. Conversion to and from Decimal
systems. Codes, Bits, Bytes and Words.
Memory of a computer, Arithmetic and
Logical operations on numbers.
Precisions. AND, OR, XOR, NOT and
Shit/Rotate operators, Algorithms and
Flow Charts.
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MECHENICAL
ENGINEERING |
TOP |
Statics :
Simple applications of equilibrium
equations.
Dynamics :
Simple applications of equations of
motion, work, energy and power.
Theory of Machines :
Simple examples of kinematic chains and
their inversions.
Different types of gears, bearings,
governors, flywheels and their
functions.
Static and dynamic balancing of rigid
rotors.
Simple vibration analysis of bars and
shafts.
Linear automatic control systems.
Mechanics of Solids :
Stress, strain and Hookes Law. Shear and
bending moments in beams. Simple bending
and torsion of beams, springs and thin
walled cylinders. Elementary concepts of
elastic stability, mechanical properties
and material testing.
Manufacturing Science :
Mechanics of metal cutting, tool life,
economics of machining, cutting tool
materials. Basic types of machine tool
and their processes. Automatic machine
tools, transfer lines. Metal forming
processes and machines-shearing,
drawing, spinning, rolling, forging,
extrusion. Types of casting and welding
methods. Powder metallurgy and
processing of plastics.
Manufacturing Management :
Methods and time study, motion economy
and work space design, operation and
flow process charts. Cost estimation,
break-even analysis. Location and layout
of plants, material handling. Capital
budgeting, job shop and mass production,
scheduling, dispatching, Routing,
Inventory.
Thermodynamics :
Basic concepts, definitions and laws,
heat, work and temperature, Zeroth law,
temperature scales, behaviour of pure
substances, equations of state, first
law and its corollaries, second law and
its corollaries. Analysis of air
standard power cycles, Carnot, Otto,
diesel, Brayton cycles. Vapour power
cycles, Rankine reheat and regenerative
cycles, Refrigeration cycles-Bell
Coleman, Vapour absorption and Vapour
compression cycle analysis, open and
closed cycle gas turbine with
intercooling, reheating.
Energy Conversion :
Flow of steam through nozzles, critical
pressure ratio, shock formation and its
effect. Steam Generators, mountings and
accessories. Impulse and reaction
turbines, elements and layout of thermal
power plants.
Hydraulic turbines and pumps, specific
speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.
Introduction to nuclear reactors and
power plants, handling of nuclear waste.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning :
Refrigeration equipment and operation
and maintenance, refrigerants,
principles of air conditioning,
psychrometric chart, comfort zones,
humidification and dehumidification.
Fluid Mechanics :
Hydrostatics, continuity equation,
Bernoulli's theorem, flow through pipes,
discharge measurement, laminar and
turbulent flow, boundary layer concept.
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MEDICAL
SCIENCE |
TOP |
Human Anatomy
General principles and basic structural
concept of gross anatomy of hipjoint,
heart, stomach, lungs, spleen, kidneys,
uterus, ovary and adrenal glands.
Histological features of parotid gland,
bronchi, testis, skin, bone and thyroid
gland.
Gross anatomy of thalamus, internal
capsule, cerebrum, including their blood
supply; functional localisation in
cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal
cord, eye, ear, throat, cranial nerves.
Embryology of vertebral column,
respiratory system and their congenital
anomalies.
Human physiology and biochemistry :
Neurophysiology: Sensory receptors,
reticular formation, cerebellum and
basal ganglia.
Reproduction: Regulation of functions of
male and female gonads.
Cardiovascular system: Mechanical and
electrical properties of heart including
ECG : regulation of cardio-vascular
functions.
GI System: bilirubin metabolism, liver
function tests,
Haematology: haemogolobin synthesis,
abnormal hemoglobins.
Respiration: regulation of respiration,
digestion and absorption of fats,
metabolism of carbohydrates.
Renal Physiology: tubular function,
regulation of pH.
Nucleic acids: RNA, DNA, genetic code
and protein synthesis.
Pathology and Microbiology : Principles
of inflammation, principles of
carcinogenesis and tumour spread,
coronary heart disease, infective
diseases of liver and gall bladder,
pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
Immune system, immunological and
serological tests for collagen vascular
disease. Histological diagnosis by
fluroscent microscopy.
Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of
diseases caused by Salmonella. Vibrio.
Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.
Life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of
Entamoeba histolytica, malarial
parasite, ascaros/
Medicine :
Protein energy malnutrition.
Medical management of : Coma, cerebro-vascular
accidents, status asthamaticus, cardio
pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus,
acute renal failure.
Clinical featues, etiology and treatment
of : Coronary heart disease, rheumatic
heart disease, pneumonia, cirrhosis of
liver, amoebic liver absess, peptic
ulcer, pycolone-phiritis, leprosy,
rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus,
poliomyelitis, meningitis,
schizophrenia.
Surgery :
Principles of surgical management of
severely injured and process of fracture
healing. Malignant tumours of stomach
and their surgical management. Signs,
symptoms, investigation and management
of fractures of femur, principles of
pre-operative and post-operative care.
Clinical manifestations, investigations
and management of : Hydrocephalus,
Buerger's disease, appendicitis, benign
prostatic hypertrophy, spinabifida,
brochogenic carcinoma, carcinoma breast,
carcinoma colon.
Clinical manifestations, investigations
and surgical management of : Intestinal
obstruction, acute urinary retention,
spinal injury, haemorrhagic shock,
pneumothorax, pericardial tamponade,
haemetemesis.
Preventive and Social Medicine
Principles of epidemiology, health care
delivery.
Concept and general principles of
prevention of disease and promotion of
health. National health programmes,
effects of environmental pollution on
health, concept of balanced diet, family
planning methods.
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POLITICAL
SCIENCE |
TOP |
Section-A
Nature & scope of the discipline,
relationship with allied disciplines
like History, Economics, Philosophy,
Sociology, Psychology.
2. Meaning of Politics :
Approaches to the study of Politics.
3. Key Concepts :
State, Soceity, Sovereignty, Power,
Citizenship, Nation, Global order and
Imperialism.
4. Political Ideas :
Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rule
of Law. Civil Soceity Swaraj,
Revolution, Democratic Participation.
5. Democracy :
Meaning and Theories of Democracy,
Electoral system, Forms of
Representation & Participation,
Political accountability.
6. Political Ideologies :
Liberalism, Neoliberalism, Marxism,
Socialism, Fascism, Gandhism.
7. Party System and Political Process :
Therories of Party System, National and
regional parties, Political Parties in
the Third World. Patterns of coalition
politics, interest and pressure groups.
8. Forms of Government :
Parliamentary and Presidential. Federal
& unitary Modes of decentralisation.
9. Bureaucracy Concept :
Theories, Weber and critiques of
Bureaucracy.
10. Theories of Development :
Meaning and various approaches. Concept
and Theories of underdevelopment Debates
in the Third World.
11. Social Movements :
Meaning, Theories & Forms, Role of
Environmental Feminist Peasant & workers
movements, Role of Non Government
organisation.
12. Nationalism and Internationalism :
13. Major theories of International
relations :
Realist Marxist, Systems & Decision
making & Game theory.
14. State & the Global order :
Neo-Liberalism, globalisation,
structural adjustment, regional economic
integration, Nature and Impact of
globalisation.
Section-B
Indian Government and politics
1. Approaches to the study of
Governments :
Comparative historical, legal
institutional, political economy and
political sociology, approaches.
2. Classification of Political systems :
Democratic and Authoritarian,
characteristics of Political systems in
the third world.
3. Typologies of constitutions : Basic
features of these constitutions &
governments : including U.K., USA.
France, Germany, China, and South
Africa.
4. Constitutional development :
in India during British Rule-A
historical perspective.
5. Constituent Assembly :
philosophical and socio-economic
dimensions. Salient features of the
Indian Constitution.
6. Nature of Indian federalism :
Centre-state relations, legislative,
administrative, financial and political;
politics of regional move and National
Integration.
7. Fundamental Rights :
Constitutional provisions and political
dynamics. Judicial Interpretations and
socio political realities; Fundamental
Duties.
8. The Union Executive :
President, Prime Minister and the
Council of Ministers, Constitutional
provisions & framework and political
trends.
9. Parliament :
Powers and functions of the Lok Sabha &
Rajya Sabha; Parliamentary Committees;
Functioning of the Parliamentary system
in India.
10. The Judiciary : The Supreme Court ,
Judicial Review Judicial Activism,
Public Intrest Litigation; Judicial
Reforms.
11. The State Executive :
Governor, Chief Minister and the Council
of Ministers; Constitutional Provisions
and Political trends.
12. Indian Party System :
Evolution and Contemporay trends;
coalition government at the Centre and
States, pressure groups in Indian
politics.
13. The interaction of Government &
Scientific & Technology business :
Previous and now their inter
relationship and changing roles in
Society, Elites, Role of Pressure groups
class and voluntary associations in
society.
14. Local Government & Politics :
Panchayti Raj and Municipal Government,
structure power & functions. Political
realities, significance of 73rd and 74th
Amendements, role of women in Panchayats.
15. Bureaucracy and Development :
Post-colonial India; its changing role
in the context of liberatis after,
bureauratic Accountability.
16. Challenges to Indian Democracy :
a) Communalism Regionalism violence,
criminalisation and corruption.
b) Regional disparities, environmental
degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty,
Population, growth, caste oppressions
and socio economic inequalities among
backward classes.
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ZOOLOGY |
TOP |
I. Cell structure and function:
(a) Prokaryote and eukaryote.
(b) Structure of animal cell, structure
and functions of cell organelles.
(c) Cell cycle-mitosis, meiosis.
(d) Structure and contents of nucleus
including nuclear membrane, structure of
chromsome and gene, chemistry of genetic
components.
(e) Mendel's laws of inheritance,
linkage and genetic recombination;
cytoplasmic inheritance.
(f) Function of gene: replication,
transcription and translation; mutations
(spontaneous and artificial);
Recombinant DNA: principle and
application.
(g) sex determination in Drosophila and
man; sex linkage in man.
II. Systematics :
(a) Classification of non-chordates (up
to sub-classes) and chordates (up to
orders) giving general features and
evolutionary relationship of the
following phyla:
Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata,
Platyhelminthes, Nematheliminthes,
Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca,
Echinodermata, Minor Phyla (Bryozoa,
Phoronida and Chaetognatha) and
Hemichordata.
(b) Structure reprodcution and life
history of the following types:
Amoeba, Monocystis, Plasmodium,
Paramaecium, Sycon, Hydra, Obelia,
Fasciola, Taenia, Ascaris, Neanthes,
Pheretima, Hirudinia, Palaemon, Buthus,
Periplaneta, Lamellidens, Pila, Asterias
and Balanoglossus.
(c) Classification of chordates (up to
orders), giving general features and
evolutionary relationship of the
following:
Protochordata; Agnatha; Gnathostomata-Pisces,
Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves and Mammalia.
(d) Comparative functional anatomy of
the following based on type animals (Scoliodon,
Rana, Calotes, Columba and Oryctolagus):
integrument and its derivatives,
endoskeleton, digestive system,
respiratory system, circulatory system
including heart and aortic arches,
urinogenital system; brain and sense
organs (eye and ear); endocrine glands
and other hormone producing structures,
(Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenal, pancreas, gonads) their
function.
III. Vertebrate Physiology and
Biochemistry :
(a) Chemical composition of protoplasm;
nature and function of enzymes;
vitamins, their sources and role;
colloids and hydrogen ion concentration;
biological oxidation, electron trasport
and role of ATP, enegetics, glycolysis,
citric acid cycle; vertebrate hormones:
their type, sources and fucntions;
pheromones and their role.
(b) Neuron and nerve impulse-conduction
and transmission across synapses;
neurotrasmitters and their role,
including acetyl cholinesterase
activity.
(c) Homeostasis; osmoregulation; active
transport and ion pump.
(d) Composition of carbohydrates, fats,
lipids and proteins; steroids.
IV. Embryology :
(a) Gametogenesis, fertilization,
cleavage; gastrulation in frog and chick
(b) Metamorphosis in frog and
retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidian;
extra-embryonic membranes in chick and
mammal; placentation in mamals;
Biogenetic law.
V. Evolution :
(a) Origin of life; principles, theories
and evidences of evolution; species
concept.
(b) Zoogeographical realms, insular
fauna; geological eras.
(c) Evolution of man; evolutionary
status of man.
VI. Ecology, Wildlife and Ethology :
(a) Abiotic and biotic factors; concept
of ecosystem, food chain and energy
flow; adaptation of aquatic, terrestrial
and aerial fauna; intra-and
inter-specific animal relationships;
environmental pollution: Types, sources,
causes, control and prevention.
(b) Wildlife of India; endangered
species of India; sanctuaries and
national parks of India.
(c) Biological rhythms.
VII. Economic Zoology :
(a) Beneficial and harmful insects
including insect vectors of human
diseases.
(b) Industrial fish, prawn and molluscs
of India.
(c) Non-poisonous and poisonous snakes
of India.
(d) Venomous animals-centipede, wasp,
honey bee.
(e) Diseases causd by aberrant
chromosomes/genes in man; genetic
counselling; DNA as a tool for forensic
investigation
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SOCIOLOGY |
TOP |
Unit I :
Basic Concepts :
Society, community, association,
institution. Culture-culture change,
diffusion, Cultural-tag, Cultural
relativism, ethnocentrism,
acculturation.
Social Groups-primary, secondary and
reference groups.
Social structure, social system, social
action.
Status and role, role conflict, role
set.
Norms and values-conformity and
deviance.
Law and customs.
Socio-cultural processes :
socialisation, assimilation,
integration, cooperation, competition,
conflict, accommodation, Social
distance, relative deprivation.
Unit II :
Marriage, Family and Kinship :
Marriage : types and norms, marriage as
contract, and as a sacrament.
Family : types, functions and changes.
Kinships : terms and usages, rules of
residence, descent, inheritance.
Unit III :
Social Stratification :
Forms and functions; Caste and Class.
Jajmani system, purity and pollution,
dominant caste, sanskritisation.
Unit IV :
Types of Society :
Tribal, agrarian, industrial and
post-industrial.
Unit V :
Economy and Society :
Man, nature and social production,
economic systems of simple and complex
societies, non-economic determinants of
economic behaviour, market (free)
economy and controlled (planned)
economy.
Unit VI :
Industrial and Urban Society :
Rural-Urban Continuum, urban growth and
urbanisation-town, city and metropolis;
basic features of industrial society;
impact of automation on society;
industrialisation and environment.
Unit VII :
Social Demography :
Population size, growth, composition,
and distribution in India; components of
population growth-births, deaths and
migration; causes and consequences of
population growth; population and social
development; population policy.
Unit VIII :
Political Processes :
Power, authority and legitimacy;
political socialisation; political
modernisation, pressure groups; caste
and politics.
Unit IX :
Weaker Sections-and Minorities :
Social justice-equal opportunity and
special opportunity; protective
discrimination; constitutional
safeguards.
Unit X :
Social Change : Theories of change;
factors of change; science, technology
and change. Social movements-Peasant
Movement, Women's Movement, Backward
Caste Movement, Dalit Movement.
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PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION |
TOP |
1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and
significance. Evolution and status of
the discipline. Comparative Public
Administration and Development
Administration. Public and Private
Administration: State versus market
debate. New Pubic Administration. New
Public Management perspective.
2. Basic concepts and principles :
Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of
command, Span of control, Authority and
Responsibility, Co-ordination,
Centralization and Decentralization,
Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.
3. Theories of Administration :
Scientific Management (Taylor and the
Scientific Managment Movement),
Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick
and others) Bureaucratic Theory (Weber
and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker
Follett and C.I. Barnard; Human
Relations School (Elton Mayo and
others). Behavioral Approach, Systems
approach.
4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision
making with special reference to H.
Simon, communication and control,
leadership theories. Theories of
motivation (Maslow and Herzberg)
5. Accountability and Control : The
concepts of Accountability and control :
Legislative, executive and judicial
control. Citizen and Administration:
Role of civil society, people's
participation and Right to Information.
6. Administrative Systems : Comparative
administrative features of USA, Great
Britain, France and Japan.
7. Personnel Administration : Role of
Civil Service in developing societies;
position classification, Recuritment,
Training, Promotion, Pay and Service
conditions. Relations with the Political
Executive; Administrative Ethics.
8. Financial Administration : Budget:
Concepts and forms. Formulation and
execution of budget, deficit financing
and public debt, Accounts and Audit.
9. Union Government and Administration
in India. British legacy :
Constitutional context of Indian
Administration; The President, Prime
Minister and the Council of Ministers;
Central Secretariat; Cabinet
Secretariat, Prime Minister's Office,
Planning Commission; Finance Commission;
Election Commission; Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India. Public
enterprises: Patterns, role performance
and impact of liberalization.
10. Civil Services in India :
Recruitment to All India and Central
Services. Union Public Service
Commission; Training of Civil Servants.
Generalists and Specialists.
Minister-Civil Servant relationship.
11. State and District Administration :
Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat,
Chief Secretary, Directorates, District
Collector: changing role.
12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj
and Urban local Government: Main
features, structures, finances and
problem areas. 73rd and 74th
Constitutional Amendements.
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PSYCHOLOGY |
TOP |
1. Introduction to psychology :
Concept and definition of psychology.
Nature and Scope. Branches of
psychology. Application of psychology to
soceity and social problems.
2. Methods in Psychology :
Characteristics of psychological
studies, Observation. Survey method,
Clinical and case study method.
Experimental method. Application of the
method.
3. Quantitive Analysis :
Measures of central tendency and
dispersion. Correlation. Levels of
measurement. Reliability and validity.
Application in test construction.
4. Physiological Psychology :
Structure of neuron, nerve impulses,
synapse and neurotransmitters. Central
and peripheral nervous system-structure
and neural control of behaviour.
Hemispheric specialisation. Endocrine
system and hormonal control of behaviour.
Application of hemispheric knowledge to
diagnostic purposes.
5. Development of human behaviour :
Individual Differences : Heredity and
environment. Life span developent. Role
of early experience and mastering of
developmental tasks. Sensitive or
critical periods of development in human
life cycle and its application.
6. Perception :
Preceptual processes. Perceputal
organsiation. Perception of form, colour,
depth and time. Perceptual readiness and
constancy. Role of motivation, social
and cultural factors in perception.
Application of knowledge of perception
to skill development (e.g. for certain
jobs like that of driving, airline
pilots etc.)
7. Learning :
Classical conditioning and operant
conditioning. Modeling and observational
learning. Transfer of training. Learing
and motivation. Application of the above
to the improvement of academic
performance in education.
8. Memory :
Physiological basis of memory. Memory
and forgetting. Measurement of memory
(Recall, Recognition, Relearning). Short
term and long term memory. Theories of
forgetting (Decay and Interference
theories and Repressive forgetting).
Application of Mnemonic devices etc, to
improving memory.
9. Cognition and Language :
Concept of formation. Nature and
development of thinking. Language and
thought and acquisition of language.
Problem solving. Creative thinking and
its applications.
10. Intelligence and Aptitude :
Definition and concept. Theories and
models of Intelligence. Measurement of
intelligence and aptitude. Exceptional
intelligence. Mental retardation.
Concepts of multiple, emotional and
artificial intelligence and their
application.
11. Motivation and Emotion :
Definition and concept of instinct,
needs, drives and motives. Theories of
motivation and their application (drive
reduction theory, Maslow's motivational
hierarchy). Social motivation:
Achievement, power, affiliation motives
and influence of early experiences.
Physiological basis of emotion. Theories
of emotion (James-Lange and Cannon-Brad
theories, cognitive physiological
theory).
12. Personality :
Concepts and Definition of personality.
Sutdy of personality (Trait, type and
eclectic approaches) Development of
personality (Freud, Erikson, Biological
and socio-cultural determinants).
Measurement of Personality (Projective
tests, pencil-paper tests). Application
of personality profiles in fitting a
person to a job.
13. Adjustment and Stress :
Concept and definition. Factors
affecting adjustment (frustration and
conflict). Sources of stress and
reactions to stress. Coping with stress.
Application of stress management
techniques.
14. Social Behaviour :
Socio-cultural factors and behaviour.
Development of attitudes, stereotypes
and prejudice, Measurement of Attidutes
(Thurstone, Likert attitude scale and
Bogardus Social Distance scale).
Strategies for reducing prejudice and
changing atitude. Person perception,
implicit personality theory and
integrating impressions. Application of
person perception to impression
management.
15. Application of Psychology :
Health and mental health (yoga,
meditation and relaxation therapies).
Education (Programmed learning,. self
instructional learning and learning
styles). Community (self help through
group cohesiveness and leadership).
Industry (Assessment centre approach in
selection, recruitment and training).
Environment (man-nature interaction,
personal space concept, pollution
reduction) Information technology
(Application to commercial, educational
and health areas).
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PHYSICS |
TOP |
1. Mechanics and Waves
Dimensional analysis. Newton's laws of
motion and applications, variable mass
systems, projectiles. Rotational
dynamics-kinetic energy, angular
momentum, theorems of moment of intertia
and calculations in simple cases.
Conservative forces, frictional forces.
Gravitaional potential and intensity due
to spherical objects. Central forces,
Kepler's problem, escape velocity and
artificial satellites (including GPS).
Streamline motion, viscosity,
Poiseuille's equation. Applications of
Bernoulli's equation and Stokes' law.
Special relativity and Lorentz
transformation-length contraction, time
dilation, mass-energy relation.
Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous
figures. Damped oscillation, forced
oscillation and resonance. Beats, Phase
and group velocities. Stationary waves,
vibration of strings and air columns,
longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler
effect. Ultrasonics and applications.
2. Geometrical and Physical Optics.
Laws of reflection and refraction from
Fermat's principle. Matrix method in
paraxial optics- thin lens formula,
nodal planes, system of two thin lenses.
Chromatic and spherical aberrations.
Simple optical instruments-magnifier,
eyepieces, telescopes and microscopes.
Huygens' principle-reflection and
refraction of waves. Interference of
light-Young's experiment, Newton's
rings, interference by thin films,
Michelson interferometer. Fraunhofer
diffraction-single slit, double slit,
diffraction grating, resolving power.
Fresnel diffraction-half-period zones
and zone plate. Production and detection
of linearly, circularly and elliptically
polarised light. Double refraction,
quarter-waves plates and half-wave
plates. Polarizing sheets. Optical
activity and applications. Rayleigh
scattering and applications.
Elements of fibre optics-attenuation;
pulse dispersion in step index and
parabolic index fibres; material
dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of
laser light-spatial and temporal
coherence. Focussing of laser beams and
applciations.
3. Heat and Thermodynamics
Thermal equilibrium and temperature. The
zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heat and
the first law of thermodynamics.
Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy
and the second law of thermodynamics.
Kinetic theory and the equation of state
of an ideal gas. Mean free path,
distribution of molecular speeds and
energies. Trasport phenomena. Andrew's
experiements-van der Waals equation and
applications. Joule-Kelvin effect and
applications. Brownian motion.
Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell
relations. Phase transitions.
Kirchhoff's laws. Black-body
radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral
radiancy, Wien displacement law,
application to the cosmic microwave
background radiation, Planck radiation
law.
4. Electricity and Magnetism
Electric charge, Coulomb's law, electric
field, Gauss' law. Electric potential,
van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors,
dielectrics and polarization. Ohm's law,
Kirchhoff's first and second rules,
resistors in series and parallel,
applications to two-loop circuits.
Magnietic field-Gauss'law for magnetism,
atomic and nuclear magnetism, magnetic
susceptibility, classification of
magnetic materials. Cirulating charges,
cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect.
Biot-Savart law, Ampere's law, Faraday's
law of induction., Lenz's law.
Inductance. Alternating current
circuits-RC, LR, single-loop LRC
circuits, impedance, resonance, power in
AC circuits. Displacement current,
Maxwell's equations (MKS units),
electromagnetic waves, energy transport
and Poynting vector.
5. Atomic and Nuclear Physics
Photoelectric effect, Einstein's photon
theory. Bohr's theory of hydrogen atom.
Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantisation
of angular momentum, electron spin.
Pauli exclusion principle and
applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray
spectrum, Bragg's law, Bohr's theory of
the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Compton
wavelength. Wave nature of matter, de
Broglie wavelength, wave-particle
duality. Heisenberg's uncertainty
relationships. Schroedinger's equation-eigenvalues
and eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a
box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and
(iii) hydrogen atom. Potential step and
barrier penetration. Natural and
artificial radioactivity. Binding energy
of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion.
Classification of elementary particles
and their interactions.
6. Electronics
Diodes in half-waves and full-wave
rectification, qualitative ideas of
semiconductors, p type and n type
semiconductors, junction diode, Zener
diode, transistors, binary numbers,
Logic gates and truth tables, Elements
of microprocessors and computers.
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STATISTICS |
TOP |
Probability
Random experiment, sample space, event,
algebra of events, probability on a
discrete sample space, basic theorems of
probability and simple examples based
there on, conditional probability of an
event, independent events, Bayes'
theorem and its application, discrete
and continuous random variables and
their distributions, expectation,
moments, moment generating function,
joint distribution of two or more random
variables, marginal and conditional
distributions, independence of random
variables, covariance, correlation,
coefficient, distribution of function of
random variables. Bernoulli, binomial,
geometric, negative binomial,
hypergeometric, Poisson, multinomial,
uniform, beta, exponential, gamma,
Cauchy, normal, longnormal and bivariate
normal distributions, real-life
situations where these distributions
provide appropriate models, Chebyshev's
inequality, weak law of large numbers
and central limit theorem for
independent and identically distributed
random variables with finite variance
and their simple applications.
Statistical Methods
Concept of a statistical population and
a sample, types of data, presentation
and summarization of data, measures of
central tendency, dispersion, skewness
and kurtosis, measures of association
and contingency, correlation, rank
correlation, intraclass correlation,
correlation ratio, simple and multiple
linear regression, multiple and partial
correlations (involving three variables
only), curve-fitting and principle of
least squares, concepts of random
sample, parameter and statistic, Z, X2,
t and F statistics and their properties
and applications, distributions of
sample range and median (for continuous
distributions only), censored sampling
(concept and illustrations).
Statistical Inference
Unbiasedness, consistency, efficiency,
sufficiency, Completeness, minimum
variance unbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell
theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem,
Cramer-Rao inequality and minimum
variance bound estimator, moments,
maximum likelihood, least squares and
minimum chisquare methods of estimation,
properties of maximum likelihood and
other estimators, idea of a random
interval, confidence intervals for the
paramters of standard distributions,
shortest confidence intervals,
large-sample confidence intervals.
Simple and composite hypotheses, two
kinds of errors, level of significance,
size and power of a test, desirable
properties of a good test, most powerful
test, Neyman-Pearson lemma and its use
in simple example, uniformly most
powerful test, likelihood ratio test and
its properties and applications.
Chi-square test, sign test,
Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, run test for
randomness, median test, Wilcoxon test
and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.
Wal's sequential probability ratio test,
OC and ASN functions, application to
binomial and normal distributions.
Loss function, risk function, minimax
and Bayes rules.
Sampling Theory and Design of
Experiments
Complete enumeration vs. sampling, need
for sampling, basic concepts in
sampling, designing large-scale sample
surveys, sampling and non-sampling
errors, simple random sampling,
properties of a good estimator,
estimation of sample size, stratified
random sampling, systematic sampling,
cluster sampling, ratio and regression
methods of estimaton under simple and
stratified random sampling, double
sampling for ratio and regression
methods of estimation, two-stage
sampling with equal-size first-stage
units.
Analysis of variance with equal number
of observations per cell in one, two and
three-way classifications, analysis of
covariance in one and two-way
classifications, basic priniciples of
experimental designs, completely
randomized design, randomized block
design, latin square design, missing
plot technique, 2n factorial design,
total and partial confounding, 32
factorial experiments, split-plot design
and balanced incomplete block
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PHILOSOPHY |
TOP |
Section-'A'
Problems of Philosophy
1. Substance and Attributes : Aristole,
Descartes, Locke, Berkeley's criticism,
Nyaya-Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of
Pudgala.
2. God, Soul and the World : Thomas
Acquinas, St. Augustine, Spinoza,
Descartes, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankara,
Ramanuja.
3. Universals : Realism and Nominalism
(Plato, Aristotle, Berkeley's criticism
of abstract ideas, Nyay-Vaisesika,
Buddhism).
4. Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in
Carvaka, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhism,
Advaita Vedanta.
5. Truth and Error : Correspondence
Theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic
Theory; Khyativada (Anyathakhyati,
Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).
6. Matter and Mind : Descartes, Spinoza,
Leibnitz, Berkerley.
Section-B
Logic
1. Truth and Validity
2. Classification of sentences :
Traditional and Modern.
3. Syllogism : Figures and Moods; Rules
of Syllogism (General and special)
validation by Venn Diagrames; Formal
Fallacies.
4. Sentential Calculus : Symbolisation;
Truth-Functions and their
interdefinability; Truth Tables; Formal
Proof.
Section-'C'
Ethics
1. Statement of fact and statement of
value.
2. Right and Good; Teleology and
Deontology.
3. Psychological Hedonism.
4. Utilitarianism (Bentham; J.S. Mill).
5. Kantian Ethics.
6. Problem of the freedom of will.
7. Moral Judgements : Descriptivism,
Prescriptivism, Emotivism.
8. Niskamakarma : Sthitaprajna.
9. Jaina Ethics
10. Four Noble Truths and Eight fold
path in Buddhism.
11. Gandhian Ethics : Satya, Ahimsa,
Ends and Means.
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