GENERAL STUDIES

TOP

The paper on General Studies will include questions covering the following fields of knowledge :

• General Science

• Current events of national and International importance.

• History of India and Indian National Movement

• Indian and World Geography       

• Indian Polity and Economy

• General Mental Ability  

Question on General Science Will cover general appreciation and understanding of science including, matters, of everyday observation and experience, as may be expected from a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientific discipline. In current events; knowledge of significant national and  international events will be tested . In History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding of the subject in its social economic and political aspects. Questions on the Indian National Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth century resurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence. In Geography emphasis will be on Geography of India. Questions on the Geography of India will relate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country, including the main features of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian Policy and Economy will test knowledge of the country’s political system and constitution of India. Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic developments in ,India. On general' mental ability the, candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.

TOP

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE ANIMAL HUSBANDRY-

1.General- Role of Livestock in Indian Economy and human health, Mixed  farming. Agro-climatic zones and livestock distribution. Socio-economic aspects of livestock enterprise with special reference to women.  

Genetics and Breeding - Principle of genetics, chemical nature of DNA and RNA and their models and functions. Recombinant DNA technology, transgenic animals, multiple evaluation and embryo-transfer, Cytogenetics,  immunogenetics and biochemical polymorphic and their application in animal improvement. Gene actions. Systems and strategies for improvement. Gene action Systems and strategies for improvement of livestock for milk, meat, wool production and drought and poultry for eggs and meat. Breeding of animals for disease resistance. Breeds of livestock, poultry and rabbits.  

Nutrition - Role of nutrition in animal health and production. Classification of feeds. Proximate composition of feeds, feeding standards, computation of rations. Ruminant nutrition. Concept of tptal digestible nutrients and starch equivalent systems. Significance of energy determinations. Conservation of feeds and fodder and utilization of agro by-products. Feed supplements and additives. Nutrition deficiencies and their management.  

Management - System of housing and management of livestock, poultry and rabbits. Farm record. Economics of livestock, poultry and rabbit farming, Clean milk production. Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation. Sources of water and standards of potable water. Purification of water. Air changes and thermal comfort. Drainage systems and affluent disposal. Biogas.

Animal Production –

(a) Artificial insemination, fertility and sterility, Reproductive physiology, semen characteristics' and preservation. Sterility its causes and remedies.

(b) Meat eggs and wool production. Methods of slaughter of meat animals, meat inspection, judgment, carcass characteristics, adulteration and its detection processing and preservation. Meat products, quality control and nutritive valuem By-products. Physiology of egg production, nutritive value, grading of eggs preservation and marketing. Types of wool, Grading and marketing.  

6. Veterinary Science –

(i) Major contageous diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes, horses, sheep and goats, pig, poultry, rabbits and pet animals - Etiology, symptoms, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and control of major bacterial, viral, rickettisial and parasitic infections

(ii) Description, symptoms, diagnosis 'and treatment of the following:

(a) Production diseases of milch animals, pig and poultry.

(b) Deficiency diseases of domestic livestock and birds.

(c) Poisonings due to infected/contaminated foods and feeds, chemicals and drugs.

 7. Principles of immunization and vaccination - Different types of immunity antigens and antibodies. Methods of immunization. Brakedown of immunity, Vaccines and their use in animals.  

8. Zoonoses, Foodborne infections and intoxications, occupation hazards.

(a) Poisons used for killing animals euthanesia.

(b) Drugs used for increasing production/performance efficiency and their adverse effects.

(c) Drugs used to tranquilize wild animals as well as animals in captivity.

(d) Quarantine measures in India and abroad. Act, Rules and Regulations.  

9. Dairy Science - Physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk. Quality assessment of milk and milk products, Common tests and legal standards. Cleaning and sanitation of dairy equipment. Milk collections, chilling, transportation processing, packaging, storage and distribution. Manufacture of market milk, cream, butter, cheese, ice-cream, condensed and dried milk, by products and Indian Milk products. Unit operations in dairy plant.

TOP

1.Cell Biology - Structure and function of cell wall (extra cellular matrix or ECM), cell membrance and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex (NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis, molecular control involving check-points in cell division cycle. Differentiation, cellular senescence.  

2.Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology - Laws of inheritance. Concept of gene and allelomorph. Linkage crossing over and gene mapping. Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations. Sex determination and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineering and crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and ogran cultures. Somatic hybridization, Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture, medicine and industry.

3. Tissue Systems - Origin, development, structure and function of primary and secondary tissue.   

4. Plant Diversity and Systematics - Structure and function of plants forms from evolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils). Principles of nomenclature, classification. and identification of plants. Modern approaches in plant taxonomy. Recent classification of living organism into three groups (bacteria, archaea and eukarya). 

5. Plant Physiology – Water relations, Mineral nutrition, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics of ~rowth, growth movements, growth substances, photo-morphogenesIs. Secondary metabolites. Isotopes in biological studies. Physiology of flowering.  

6. Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology - Vegetative, asexual and sexual methods of reproduction. Pollination and fertilization. Sexual incompatibility; Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.  

7. Plant Pathology – Diseases of rice, wheat sugarcane, potato, mustard, groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors, pathogen factors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere organisms). Chemical, biological and genetic methods and disease control (including transgenic of seed.  

8. Plant and Environment - Biotic and abiotic components. Ecological adaptation. Types of vegetational zones and forests of India. Deforestation, social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion, wasteland, reclamation. Environmental polution and its control (including phytoremediation). Bioindicators. Global warming. 

9. Biodiversity -

Plant Genetic Resourses - Methods of conservation of plant genetic resources and its importance. Convention of Biologic Diversity (CBD). Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cellI tissue culture in propagation and enrichment of geneticdiversity. Plants as sources of food, fodder, fibres, oils, drugs, wood and timber, paper, rubber, beverages, spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides, pesticides and ornamentation. Biomass as a source of energy.  

10. Origin of Life and Evolution –

Basic concept of origin of earth and origin of life. theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of evolution.

TOP

Section - A

(INORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

1.1 Atomic Structure - Schrodinger wave equation, significance of abd *2 and quantum numbers and their significance, radial and angular probability, shapes of orbitals, relative energies of atomic orbitals as a function of atomic number, Electronic configurations of elements; Aufbau principle. Hun's multiplicity rule, Pauli exclusion principle. 

1.2 Chemical periodicity – Periodic classification of elements, salient characteristics of s,p, d and f block elements. Periodic trends of atomic radii, ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity in the periodic table. 

1.3 Chemical bonding – Types of bonding, overlap of atomic orbitals, sigma and pi bonds, hydrogen and metallic bonds. Shapes of molecules, bond order,bond length, V.S.E.P.R. theory and bonds angles. The concept of hybridization and shapes of molecules and ions.  

1.4 Oxidation staes and oxidation number – Oxidation and reduction, oxidation numbers, common redox reactions, ionic equitions. Balancing of equations for oxidation and reduction reactions.  

1.5 Acids and bases – Bronsted and Lewis theories of acids and bases. Hard and soft acids and bases. HSAB principle, relative strengths of acids and bases and the effect of substituents and solvents on their strength. 

1.6 Chemistry of elements –

(i) Hydrogen - Its unique position in the peri, odic table, isotopes, ortho and para hydrogen, industrial production, heavy water.  

(ii) Chemistry of sand p block elements – Electronic configuration, general characteristics properties, inert pair effect, allotropy and catenation. Special emphasis on solution of alkali and alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia. Preparation, properties and structures .of boric acid, borates, boron, nitrides, borohydride (diborane), carboranes; oxides and oxyacids of nitrogens, flurocarbons and basic properties of halogens. Chemical reactivity of noble gases, preparation, structure and bonding of noble gas compounds.  

(iii) Chemistry of d block elements – Transition metals including lanthanides,. general characteristic properties, oxidiation states, magnetic behavious, colour. First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds (oxides, halides and sulphides); lanthanide contraction general properties of their compounds (oxides, halides' and sulphides); lanthanide contraction.

1.7 Extraction of metals – Principles of extraction of metals as illustrated by sodium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, nickel, copper, silverand gold.

1.8 Nuclear chemistry - Nuclear reactions; mass defect and binding energy, nuclear fission and fusio. Nuclear reactors; radioisotopes and their applications.  

1.9 Coordianation compounds – Nomenclature, isomerism and theories of coordiahation compounds and their role in nature and medicine.

1.10 Pollution and its control – Air pollution, types of air pollutants; control of air and water pollution; radioactive pollution.

Section - B

(ORGANIC CHEMISTRY)

2.1 Bonding and shapes of organic moleculs – Electro-negativity, electron displacements inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects; bond polarity and bond polarizability, dipole moments of organic molecules; hydrogen bond; effects of solvent and structure on dissociation constants of acids and bases; bond formation, fission of covalent bonds: homolysis and heterolysis; reaction intermediates-carbocations, free radicals and carbenes; generation, geometry and stability; nuclephiles and electrophiles .  

2.2 Chemistry of alliphatic compounds – Nomenclature alkanessynthesis, reactions free radical halogenation) reactivity and selectivity, sulphonation-detergents; cycloalkanes-Baeyer's'strain theory; alkanes and alkynes-synthesis, electrohilic addition; reactions, Markownikov's rule, peroxide effects, 1-3 dipolar additions, nucliphilic addition to elctrondeficient alkeness; polymerisation; relative acidity; synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides, alkanols, alkanals, alkanones, alkanoic acids, esters, arnides, nutriles, amines, acid anhydrides  unsaturated ketones, ethers and nitro compounds. 

2.3 Stereochemistry of carbon compounds – Elements of symmetry, chiral and achiral compounds Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerism of lactic and tartaric acids, enantiomerism and diastereo-isomerism; configuration (relative and absolue); conformations of alkanes upto four carbons, cyclohexane and dimethycyclo hexances-their potential energy. 0, Land R, S-notations of compounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer, Newman and sawhorse-of compounds containing two adjacent chilal centres; meso and di-isomers, erythro and threo isomers; recemization and resolution; examples of homotopic, entantiotopic and diasteretopic atoms and groups in organic compounds, geometrical isomers; E and Z notations. Stereochemistry of SN1, SN2, E1 and E2 reactions.  

2.4 Organometallic compounds – Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignard reagents, alkyllithium compounds. 

2.5 Active methylene compounds – Diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetateapplications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (ketoenol).  

2.6 Chemistry of aromatic compounds – Aromaticity Huckel's rule electrophillic aromatic substitution-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation (nuclear and side chain), Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, substituents effects; chemistry and reactivity of aromatic halides, phenols, nitro-, diazo, diazonium and sui phonic acid derivatives, benzyne reac tions. 

2.7 Chemistry of biomolecules –

(i) Carbohydrates- Classification; reactions, structure-of glucose, D, L-configuration, osazone formation; fructose and sucrose; step-up step down of aldoses and ketoses, and their interconversions.  

(ii) Amino acids - Essential amino acids; zwitteriol)s, isoelectric point, polypeptides; preoteins; methods of synthesis of ex amino acids.  

(iii) Elementary idea of oils, fats soaps and detergents.

2.8 Basic principles of applications of UV, visile, IR and NMR spectoscopy of simple organic molecules.

Section - C

(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)

3.1 Gaseous state - Deviation of real gases from the equation of state for an ideal gas, van der Waals and Viril equation of state, critical phenomena, principle of corresponding states, equation for reduced state. Liquification of gases, distribution of molecular speed, collisions between molecules in a gas; mean free path, specific heat of gases. 

3.2 Thermodynilmics –

(i) First law and its applications: Thermodynamic systems, states and processes work, heat and internal energy, zeroth law 'of thermodynamics, various types of work done on a system in reversible and irreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermo-chemistry, enthaply and enthalpy changes in various physical and chemical processes, Joule-Thomson effect, inversion temperature. Heat capacities and temperature dependence of enthalpy and energy changes.

(ii) Second law and its applications - Spontaneity of a process, entropy and entropy changes in various processes, free energy functions, criteria for equilibriuim, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities.

3.3 Phase rule and its applications - Equilibrium between liquid, solid and vapours of a pure sob stance, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its appIications. Number of components, phases and degrees of freedom; phase rule and its applications; simple systems with one (water and sulphur) and two components (Iead-silver, salt hydrates). Distribution law, its modifications, limitations and applications.

3.4 Solutions –Solubility and its temperature dependence, partially miscible liquides, upper and lower critical solution temperatures, vapour pressures of liquds over their mixtures, Raoult's and Henry's Iws, fractional and steam distillations.  

3.5 Colligative Properties – Dilute solutions and colligative properties, determination of molecular weights using colligative properties. 

3.6 Electrochemistry – Ions in solutions, ionic equilibria, dissociation constants of acids and bases, hydrolysis, pH and buffers, theory of indicators and acid-base titrations. Conductivity of ionic solutions, its variation with concentration, Ostwald's diluion law, kohlraush law and its application. Transport number and its determination. Faraday's laws of electrolysis, galvanic cells and measurements of their e.m.f., cell reactions standard cell, standard reduction potential, Nernst equation, relation between thermodynamic quantities and cell e.m.i., fuel cells, potentiometric titrations.

3.7 Chemical kinetics- Rate of chemical reaction and its dependence on concentrations of thr reactants, rate constant and order of reaction and their experimental determination; differential and integral rate equations for first and second order reaction, half-life periods,temperature dependence of rate constant and Arrhenius parameters; elementary ideas regarding collision and transition state theory.  

3.8 Photochemistry – Absorption of light, laws of photochemistry, quantum yield, he excited state and its decay by radiative and chemical pathways simple photochemical reactions.

3.9 Catalysis –  Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and their charachteristics, mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysed reactions (Michaelis Menten mechanism)        

3.10 The collio idal state, preparation and purification of colloids and their characteristics properties; lyophilic and lyophobic colloids and coagulation; protection of colloids; gels, emulsions, surfactants and micelles.

TOP

Part I  

1.   Engineering machanics-

2.   Units and Dimensions, Sl Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body, Concurrent, non concurrent, and parallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignon's theorem, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, principle of virtual work, equivalent force system.  

First and second moments of area, mass moment of inetia. Static friction inclined plane and bearings.

Kinematics and kinetics- Kinematics in Cartesian and polar coordinates,. motion under uniform and non uniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle: momentum and energyprincioles, D'Alembert's principle, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion.         

2. Strength of materials - simple stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded comparision members, shearforce and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength. Leafspring Strain Energy in direct stress, bending and shear.

Deflection of beams - Macaulay's method, Mohr's moment area method, conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Sharfts, transmission of power, close coiled helical springs,. elastic stability of columns Euler's rankine's and secant formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr's circle. Theories of Elastic Failure, thin and thick cylinders: sStresses due to internal and external pressures -Lame's equation.  

3.   Structural analysis –

4.   Analysis of pin joined plan trusses, deflection in trusses. Free hinged and to hinged arches, rib sortening, temperature effects, influence lines in arches. Analysis of propped cantilevers, fixed beams, continuous beams and rigid frames. Slope deflection, moment distribution kani's method and matrix method; Force and Displacement methods. Rolling loads and influence lines for determinate beams and pin joined trusses.  

Part-B

Geotechnical engineering - Types of soil, field identification and classification, phase relationship, cinsistency limits, particle size distribution, classification of soil, structure and clay mineralogy. Capillary water and structural water, Effective stress and pore water pressure, darcy's Law, factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability of stratified soil deposits.

Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghi's theory of on dimensional consolidation, consolidation test. Comaction of soil, optimum moisture content,Procter density.sub surface ex ploration, methods of boring, sampling, types of sampler, field tests.

Shear strength of soils, Mohr -C6lumb failure theory, shear tests Earth pressure at rest, active and passive pressures, Rankin's theory, Coloumb'swedge theory, earth pressure on retaining wall.

Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other importent theories, net and gross bearing pressure, immediate and consolidation settlement.  

Stability of slope - Conventional method of slices, stability numbers. Transportation Engineering - Highway alignment, choice of layout and capacity of highways, location survey, geometric design of highways- various elements, curves, grade separation and segregation of traffic, intersection design, highway materials and testing subgrades and pavement components, types of pavements, road drainage, elements of airport engineering.  

Railway engineering – Elements of permanent track - Rails, sleepers , ballast and rail fastenings, tractive resistance, elements of geometric design- gradients and ,grade compensation on curves, Cant transition curves and vertical curves, stresses in railway tracks, points and crossings, signalling and interlocking, maintenance of railway track.Culverts and small bridges.

Part C

Fluids mechanics - Fluid properties, fluide statics, forces on plan and curved surfaces, stabilit floating submerged bodies.

Kinematics - velocity streamlines, continuity equation, accelerations irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet , sepatation.

Dynamics - Euler's equation along streamline, control volume equation, continuity,momentum energy and moment of momentum equation from control volume equation, applications to pipe flow, moving vanes, moment 'of momentum, Dimensional analysis.

Boundary layer on a flat plate, drag and lift on bodies. Laminar and Turbulent Flows. Laminar and turbulent .flow through pipes, friction factor variation,pipe networks, water hammer and surge tanks.

Open Channel Flow - Energy and momentym correction factors, uniform and non uniform flows, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, Friction factors and roughness coefficients, flow in transitions, free overfall, weirs, hydraulic jump, surges, gradually varied flow equations, surface profiles, movng hydraulic jump.

Part – D  

ENVIRONMENT ENGINEERING

Water Supply – Estimation of surface and sumsurface water resourfaces predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, cheminal and bacteriological analysis, water borne diseases, standarqs for portable water.

Intake of Water - pumping and gravity schemes, water treatment: principles of coagulation, floculation and sedimentation; slow, rapid, pressure, filters; chlorination, softening removal of taste odour and salinity.

Water storage and distribution:- storage and balancing reservoir types, location and capacity.

Distribution systems layout, hydraulics .of pipe Iines, pipe fittings, values including check and pressure reducing valves meters, analysis of distribution systems, leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and their operations. Sewerage systems- Domestic and industrial wastage, storm sewage- separate and combined systems. flow through sewers , design of sewers, sewer appurtenance. manholes, inlets, junctions, siphon. Plumbing and in public buildings.  

Sewage characterisation - BOD. COD, solids. dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.

Sewage treatement - Working Principles, Units, Chambers, Sedimentation tank, Trickling filters oxidation ponds, activated sludge process. sceptic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling of waste water.  

Construction Management - Elements and principles of Activity on Arrow (AOA) networks and work breakdown structure. Interfaces. Ladder networks.

Activity time - Time computations and floats. ATC and PTC tradeoff. Work study and sampling. Scheduling principles materials schedules. ABC and EOQanalysis of inventory. Budgeting with barcharts. Working capital. PART, probability of completion.       

Elements of engineering economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annual cost, benifit cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choos.ing between alternatives including levels of investments.Project profitibality.

TOP

Part I

ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING - Nature, Scope and objectives of accounting- accounting as an information system.

Users of Acounting Information.

Generally Cccepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-Accrual Concept-Other concepts and conventions. Distinction between capital and revenue expenditure. Accounting Standards and treat appreation. Accounting Standards relating to fixed assests, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.

Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions-Reserves, Provisions and Funds.

Final Accounts of not-for profit organisation. Accounting Treatment of.

Convertible debentures. Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation. Ratio relation to short term liquidity, long term solverncy and profitability-Importance of the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of a business entity-Cash-flow statement and Statement of Source and Application of Funds.

Auditing - Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing. Techniques of Auditing - physical 'verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review. Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process. Test checking and sampling.

Broad out lines of company audit.

Audit of non-corporate enterprises.

Internal and management audit.

Part-II

BUSINESS ORGANIZATION - Distinctive features of different forms of business organization.

Sole Proprietor – Partnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partner-ship deed, Rights and duties, Retirement, Dissolution.

Joint Stock Company - Concept, Characteristics, types cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.

types of securities and methods of their issue.      

Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutural Funds. Control and regulation of capital market.       

Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrial enterprises. Social Responsibility of business. 

Insurance – Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General insurance.

MANAGEMENT

Management function – Planning-strategies, Organising levels of authority Staffing, Line function and staff function, Leadership. Communication, Motivation, Directing-Principles, Strategies.

Coordiantion - Concept, types, methods.  

Control – principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salaryand wage administration Job evaluation.

Organisation Structure Structure - Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-span of control-Management by Objectives' and Management by Exception.

Management of change; Crisis Management.

Office Management - scope and principles; systems and routines;handling of records-modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation and Personal computers.

COMPANY LAW

Joint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoor management and constructive notice. Duties and powers of the board of directoes of a company. Accounts and audit of companies

Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

TOP

Part-I

GENERAL ECONOMICS

1.    Micro economics-

(a) Production : Agents of Production Costs and Supply; Isoquants.

(b) Consumption and Demand: Elasticity concept

(c) Market structure and concepts of equilibrium

(d) Determination of prices

(e) Components and. Theories of Distribution

(f) Elementary concepts of Welfae economics  

Pareto-optimality-Private and social products consumes surplus.

2,    Macro Economics –

(a) National Income concepts

(b) Determinants

of National Income Employment

(c) Determinants of consumption, savings and investment

(d) Rate of Interest and its determination

(e) Interest and profit.    

3.    Money, Banking and Public Finance –

(a) Concepts of Money and measures of money supply; Velocity of money

(b) Banks and credit creation; banks and portfolio management.

(c) Central Bank and control over money supply

(d) Determination of the price level

(e) Inflation, its causes and remedies

(f) Public Finance-Budget-Taxes and non tax revenues Types of Budget deficits.  

4.    International Economics –

        (a) Therories of International Trade-comparative costs-Hecksher-ohlin-Gains from Trade-Terms of Trade.

       (b)   Free Trade and Protection

       (c)   Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment

       (d)   Exchange rate under the exchange markets.

       (e)   Evolution of the international Monetary System and World Trading order Gold Standard - the Brettonwoods system.

IMF and the World Bank and their associates.

Floating rates – GATT and WTO  

5.    Growth and Development –

(1) meaning and measurement of growth Growth, distribution and Welfare

(2) Characteristics of under-development

(3) Stages of Development

(4) Sources of growth-capital, Human capital, population, productivity, Trade and aid, non-economic factors growth Strategies

(5) Planning in a mixed economy-Indicative planning -Planning and growth.

(6)   Economic Statistics - Types of averages-measures of dispersion-correlation-Index numbers; types, uses and limitation.

Part-II

INDIAN ECONOMICS

1.    Main features; Geographic size - Endowment of natural resources, Population; size, composition quality and growth trend-Occupational distribution-Effects of British Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy.

2.    Major problems, their dimensions, nature and broad causes; Mass poverty - Unemployment and its types-Economics effects of population pressure-Inequality and types thereof Low productivity and low per capita income, Rural-urban disparities-Foreign Trade and payments imbalances. Balance of Payments and External Debt-Inflation, and pralled economy and its effects-Fiscal deficit.

3.    Growth income and employment since independence - Rate, Pattern, Sectoral trends-Distributional Changes-Changes-Regional disparities.

4.    Economic Planning in India: Major controversies on planning in India Alternative strategies - goals and achievements, shortfalls of different plans-planning and the Market.

TOP

Electrical Circuits -

Theory and Applications - Circuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits and application; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two port networks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions .  

Signals & Systems –

Representation of continuous - time and discretetime signals & system's; LTI systems;convolution;1 impulse response response . time-domin analysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Lapalce transform, Z-transform, Transfer function, Sampling and recovery of signals.  

Control Systems – Elements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back LTI systems: time domain and transform domian anaysis. Stability:

Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist's criterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, P)D controllers.

E. M. Theory – Electro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell's equations; e.m. waves and wave equations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators, cavities and wave guides.  

Electrical Engineering Materials – Electrical/electronic behaviour of meterials conductivity free electrons and band-theory; intrinsic semi-conductor,             p-junction solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials: polarization phenomena; piezo-electric phenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.  

Analog Electronics – Diode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltage regualtion, Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics, biasing and small signal equivalent circuits; differential amplifier circuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response, Principles of feedback; OPAMP circuits; filters; oscillators.

Digital Electronic – BooIean algebra; minimiation of Boolean function; logic gates, dital llC families (DTC, TIL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and docoder's Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops, counters and shipt-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.

Communication Systems – Fourier analysis of signals  amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlation and cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems: amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis; super heterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, delta modulation. Digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing  time-division, frequency division Additive Gaussain noise characterization using correlation, probability density function, power spectral density, Signal to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digital communication systems: source coding, channel coding digital modulation & demolution. Elements of information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satellite and mobile communication principles, of television engineering; radar engineering and radio aids to navigation.

Computers and Microprocessors - Computer organization number representation and arithmetic, functional organization, machine instructions, addressing modes ALU, hardwired and microprogrammed control, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors: B-bit microprocessors-architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming. memory, I/O interracing, microcontrollers and applications.  

Measurement and Instrumentation – Error analysis measurement of current voltage, power energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuring instruments : multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter spectrum analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain guages, piezo-electric-crystaL use of transducers in measurement of non-electrical quantities. Data-acquision systems.  

Energy Conversion – Single-phase transformer  equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency, three-phase transformer auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion d. c. generators and motors. Performers characteristics, starting and speed control armature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performance characteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor Synbchronous generators: performance characteristics, regualtion, para lied operation. Synchronous motors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors, permanent maganet and stepper motors, brush less d.c. motors, singale phase motors.

Power Systems – Electric power generation: thermal, hydro nuclear.

Transmission line parameters steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distribution systems ; insulators, bundle conductors corona and radio interference effects; voltage control and power factor correction, Economic operation. Principles of over-current, differential and distance protection solid state relays, circuit brakers, concept of system stability., HVDC Transmission.' . .

Power Electronics and Electric Drives – Semiconductor power devices:diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and mosft, static characteristics, principles of operation triggeringcircuits phase. controlled rectifiers bridge Converters- fully controlled and half controlled ;principles of thyristor chopper and inverter. basic concept of speed control of dc and ac motor drives:

Elements of ic fabrication technology - overview of ic technology. unit steps used in ic fabrication wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching oxidation, diffusion, ion- implanatation,  cvd and lpcvd techniques for deposition of poly-silicon silicon, silicon- pnitride and Silicon dioxide metallisation and passivation.

TOP

Section-A

PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY  

(i) Geomorphology - Origin of the earth; Geological Time Scale Interior of the earth Types and characteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting Volcanoes; Earth Quakes; Wealthering Landforms caused by fluvial  aeolian and glacial actions.    

(ii) Climatology - Structure arid composition of atmosphere Temperature Pressure belts and Wind systems Clouds and rainfall types Cyclones and anti-cyclones Major climatic types.        

(iii) Oceanography - Ocean relief Temperature Salinity Ocean deposits Ocean currents EI Nino and L Nino; Waves and tides.

(iv) Biogeography - Origin and types of soils Major biomes of the world Ecosystem and food chain Environmental degradation and conservation.

Section - B

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY  

(i) Man and Environment Relationship  Growth. and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism and Possibilism. 

(ii) Population-Races of mankind and tribes growth and distribution of world population; migration population problems of developed and developing Countries.   

(iii) Economic Activities Food gathering and hunting-pastoral herding . and forestry Types of agriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation Mining, Power Manufacturinglocational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizer industries.Tertiary activities-trade, transport, communication and services.   

(iv) Settlements Origin, types and patterns of rural settlements Processess of urbanisation morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities, and mega-cites.         

Section -C  

GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD

(i)  Major Natural Regions Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.    

(ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries Canada U.S.A. Western Europe , Russia , Japan , Australia and New Zealand .   

(iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries S .E.  Asia, S.W. Asia, China, Southern Africa and Brazil.

Section - D

GEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

(i) Physical setting - Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.

(ii) Economic Base - Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation, agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.

(iii) Population - Growth, distribution and density demographic characteristics.  

(iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.

Section - E

GEOGRAPHY THOUGHT

(i)  Ancient Period - Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.

(ii) Pre-Modern Period - Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.

(iii) Modern Period - Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism contributions of Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.

(iv) Recent Period - Quantitive Revolution; Readicalism, Behavour-alism and Humanism.

Section - F

TECHNIQUES OF GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

(i) Maps - Scale ,and types, uses.

(ii) Diagrams  - types and uses

(iii) Projections - Types, characteristics and uses.

(iv) Remote sensing and grographical information system (GIS)- Aerial photographs and imagery, GIS

TOP

Part-I

(a) General Geology - Solar System. The Earth : its origin, age and internal constitution. Volcanoes-types, distribution geological effects and products. Earth-quakes-intensity, magnitude, distribution, causes and effects, Elementary ideas about isostasy, geosynclines, mountain building. continental drift, sea floor speading and plate tectonics.

(b) Geomorphology - Basic concepts, Extemal and internal processess. Rock weathering, Cycle of erosiop. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. Land-forms of aeolian, marine, glacial and 'karst' landscapes .. Elements of Remote Sensing.

(c) Structural and Field Geology - Primary and secondary structures. Dip and strike of beds. Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults, foliation and line actions. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of rock . deformation. Construction of block diagrams. Stereographic and equalarea nets. Solutions of simple problems by stereographic net.

Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass ,in the field Measurements of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and line action in the field. Principles of geological mapping .. Effects of topography on outcrops. drawing of sections.

Part -II

(a) Crystallography - Elements of crystal. Laws of crystallography. Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems,

Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter Petrological microscope and accessories. Construction and use of Nicole prism, Pleochroism, double refraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals, Isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial minerals.

(b) Mineralogy - Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following common rock forming minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine, gamet, chlorite, carbonates, aluminosilicates. Structure of silicates and crystal chemistry of minerals. Gem-stones.

(c) Economic Geology - Or, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of ore deposits. lmportant processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin and distribution in India of the ores of aluminuium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron, manganese and radioactive elements. Deposits of minerals use ad abrasives, refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and petroleum. Elements of prospecting for mineral deposits.

Part -III

(a) Igneous Petrology - Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen's reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous rocks. Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition, origin and mode of occurrence of granite, syenite, diorit, mafic and ultramafic groups, anorthosites and alkaline rocks.

(b) Sedimentary Petrology - Sedimentary process and products. Classification of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits-their mode of formation, characteristics and types, Clastic depositstheir classification, mineral composition and texture. Elementary ideas about the origin and characteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes. Silceous and calcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.

(c) Metamorphic Petrology - Type and factors of metamorphism. Zones, grades and facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. metamorphism of argillaceous, arenaceous, calcareous and basic rocks; Metasomatism.

Part -IV

(a) Paleontology - Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization. Modes of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological history of Forminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita, Echinoidea and Anthozoa.

Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.

(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India - Fundamental laws of stratigraphy. Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic. Geological time scale. Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief study of Dharwar, Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group with reference to their major subdivisions, lithology, fossils, areal distribution and economic importance.

TOP

Section A

1.  Prehistoric cultures in India.

2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase: extent, society, economy and culture. Contacts with other cultures. Problems of decline.

3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming

comunities outside the Indus region from neolithic to early iron phases.     

4.    Vedic society: The vedic texts; change from Regvedic to later Vedic phases, Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation evolutution of monarchy and varna system,

5.    State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas. to the Nandas. Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.

6.    The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions; his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.

7.    Post-mauryan India; BC200-AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. The Sata vahanas and state formation 'in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society. Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas Kanishka. Contacts with the outside world. Religion: Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism Jainism Culture and art.

8.    The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organisation of empire. Economy and society. Literature and Science Arts.

 Sections B

9.    Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Position of women. The Arabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.

10.  Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions importance of temples, and monastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Isalam; Sufism, Literature and Science. Alberunis India Art and architecture.      .

11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes and consequences Delhi Sultanate under the 'Slave' Rulers. Alauddin Khalfu  Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. Muhammad Tughlaqs innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decine of the Delhi Sultanate. Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements.in Hinduism and Islam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.

13.  The fifteenth and early 16th Century: major Provincial dynasties; Vijaynagara Empire. The lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire :

Babur, Humayun. The Sur empire and administration. The Portuguese.

Montheistic movements: Kabir, Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti, Growth of regiona/literatures, Art and Culture.

14-15. The Mughal Empire, 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative rneasures, jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-ku