English Literature

Paper - I

Detailed Study of a Literary Age (19th Century)

The Paper will cover the study of English Literature from 1798 to 1900 With special reference to the works of William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelly, Keats, Lamb, Thackeray, Dickens, Tennyson, Robert Browning. A.C. Swinebume, D.G. Rossetti, Carlyle and Ruskin

The candidate will be required to evince first-hand reading. The paper will be designed to test candidates through understanding of the main literary trends. during the period with reference to the authors prescribed. Questions on the social and cultural background of the period will be also set.  

PAPER-II

This paper will be designed to test candidates first-hand reading of the texts along with their ability to examine literary problems critically.

PAPER-I

Evolution of Strategic Thought
SECTION-A

1. Concept and theories of Conflict : -

(a) Origin, perceptions, processes, escalation, goal achievement, etc., of conflicts in human societal relations and its relevance to international conflicts.
(b) conflict as War: State beilllviuur, causes, correlates, domestic sources, global structural sources, commer-cement and termination, negotiation, ecology of warfare, etc.
(c) Concept of war and its relation with politics : Classical thought and trends form Mechiaveli to Nuclear Agt

2. (a) Kautilya's philosophy of war and his strategic contribution
(b) Sun tzu's thoughts on war.
(c) Thoughts of Jomini and Oausewitz 0n Strategy, Tactics, Logistics, Principles of War and Nature of War.

3. War and industrial society with reference to the views of Marx and engles.

4. Ccncepts and Theories of Revolutionary War and Guerrilla Warfare with reference to the views of Lenin, Mao- Tse Tung. Ute Guevara, Regis Debray and Gaip.

5. Economic bases of military power:

(a) Economics of war.
(b) Linkages between comercial, financial, industrial, economics and politico-military  strengths anodweaknesses of a nation-state.
(c) Arms trade and theory of donor-recipient behaviour.
(d) Post-war economy and reeonslruction.

6. Theories or Land, Sea and Air Warfare:

(a) Theories ofland warfare with reference to mobile defence, use of tank, and machine warfare as propounded by Liddel Hart & J.F.C. Fuller.
(b) Views of AT Mahan on the elements of sea power and naval strategy.
(c) Continental doctrine of sea power.
(d) Heartland theory of Halford Mackinder.
(e) Heartland theories based on National Power.
(f) Theories of Air Power as propounded by G. Douhet, Mitchell and Alexander de-Seversky.

SECTION-B

7. German concept of total war with reference to views of Luddendorff;German strategy in the Machine Age.

8. Military strategy of Allied Powers during the World War II.

9. Sovie militaiy strategy with reference to the views of Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin and V.d. Sokolovsky.

10. Concept and theories of deterrence:

(a) Concept and theory of conventional deterrence.
(b) Concept and theories of nuclear deterrence with reference to the views of Liddell Hart, Andre Beaufre, Y. Harkavi and Henry Kissinger.

II. Concepts of Disarmament and Development Vs. Defence and Development

12. Concept and theories of Arms Control and Disarmament.

13. Concept and theories of "Peace-Keeping'and' peace-Building".

14. Theories of Conflict Resolution; methods of Conflict Resolution; Gandhian techniques of Conflict Resolution.                                                            

PAPER-II

National Security
SECTION A

1. Conceptual frame WOrK of National SecutiIy in the contemporary strategic thinking.

2. Evolution of National Security thinking and problematics.

3. Theories of National Power:

(a) Definitive framework of National Power.
(b) The imprecisior. of Power as a concept.
(c) Power profile of nation states.
(d) Non-power influence.
(e) Elements of National Power:

(i) Tangible elements: Geography, Population, Extent of Territory, Natural Resources, Industrial Capacity, Financial Capability, Scientific and Technological Capability, Military Capability.
(ii) Intangible elements : Leadership, Bureaucratic and Organizational Efficiency Type of Government, Social and Ethnic Cohesiveness, National Character and Reputation, National Morale, Public Support.

4. Concept and models of lnternational Security:

(i) Conceptual framework of International Security during the Cold War and Post-Cold war Periods.
(ii) Balance of  Power.
(iii) Collective Security.
(iv) Collective Defence.
(v) Non-Alignment.

5. Concept and theories of conventional and nuclear deterrence .

(i) Arms proliferation as a constraint to National, Regional and International Security.
(ii) Prospects for Arms control. International Terrorism: Concept and dimension. Insurgency and Counter-Insurgency; Concepts and dimensions, Co-relation between Foreign, Defence and domestic policies.

SECTION B

10. Historical legacy, geo-political and geo-strategical considerations of India's Security.

11. National Security problematics and India's quest for security:

(a) India in 'the world strategic arena; contemporary trends.
(b) India's quest for secutiry vis-a vis Pakistan (till date); Pakistan's conventional, nuclear and missile programmes and their impact on India's defence. India's options.
(c) India-China boundary dispute; Positions and Polemics; efforts for the etttlement of the boundary dispute; framwork . of Cooperative Securtiy between India and China.
(d) India's mutuality of strategic and other interest with Bangladesh Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, Srilanka, Maldives and Afghanistan.
(e) Role of extraregional powers in the Post Cold War South Asian strategic milieu and India's security considerations.
(f) Need of Confidence and Security Building Measures for India and its South Asian neighbours

12.Scicnce, Technology and India's security:

(a) India's scientific and technological base for National Defence.
(b) Need for India's imegrated science policy
(c) India's defecne industrialization and achievements.
(d) India's Research and development (R & D).

13.India's nuclear policy and options:

(a) India's need for nuclear power.
(b) India's nuclear breakthroughs.
(c) India's neclear options in a nuclearised world.

14. Indian Ocean and India's security considerations:

(a) Strategic milieu in and around the Indian Ocean region.
(b) India's cocurity problems in relation to the Indian Ocean region.
(c) India's martime security and its needs for naval power projections.

15. India's over-all security perspectives and defence preparedness.

16. Internal Security of lndia

(a) Harmful internal threats and challenges-diminution, of social and ethnic cohesiveness communalism; linguistic differences; regionalism; rise of ethno. Nationlism; poor governability and political instability; corruption in the various walks of national life; ver-populations and ethnic migratin across the borders rising but frustrated expectations of people at the root of insecurity; ecological imbalances and economic problems.
(b) Low Intensity Conflicts (LIC) in India with special reference to Jammu& Kashmir and the North-East region.
(c) Identification of the problems of Internal Security and conditions for the use of military: Pros and cons. (d) Imperatives of a comprehensive National security Strategy.

Non Chordata, Chordata, Ecology Etholog, Biostatistics and Economic

Zoology

PAPER-I

SECTION A

Non Chordata and Chordata

1.       General survey, classification and interrelationship of various phyla.

2.       Protoza: Locomotion, Nutrition, Reproductin and and human Paraste.

3.       Porifera; Conal system and Phylogeny.

4.       Cnidaria; Polymorphism: Coral reefs; Structure and affinities of Oenophora.

5.       Helminthes; Parastic adaptations and host-parasite relationship.

6.       Annelida: Adaptive rediation in Poychaeta.

7.       Arthopoda: Larval forms and parasitism in crustacea; mouth parts of Insects; Vision and respiration in arthropods; Social life and metamorphosis in insects.

8.       Mollusea: Torsion; Pearl formation.

9.       Echiondermata: General organization, larval forms and affinities.

10.     Chordata Origin: Lung fishes; Origin of tetrapods.

11.     Amphibia: Neoteny and parental care.

12.     Reptilia: Skuli types (Anapsid; Diapsid; Parapsid and Synapsid); Dinosaurs.

13.     Aves: Origin, aerial adaptations and migration; Flightless birds.

14.     Mammalia  Prototheria and Metatheria: Skin derivatives of Eutheria

SECTION B

Ecology, Ethology, Biostatistics, Microbiology and Economic Zoology

1. Ecology: Abiotic and biotic factors; Inter and interaspecific relations, ecological succession. Different types of biomes; Biogeochemical cycles; Food web; Ozone layer and Biosphere; Puliution of air, water and land,

2. Ethology: Types of animal behaviour; Role of hormones and pheromones in behaviour, Methods of studying animal behaviour; Biological rhythms.

3. Biostatistics: Sampling methods, frequency distribution and measures of central tendency, standard deviation, standard error, conrrelation and regression, Chi-square and-test.

4. Economic Zoology: Insects pests of corps (Paddy, Gram and Sugarcane) and stored grains; Apiculture, Sericulture, Lac culture, Pisciculture, Oyster culture and Rat control.

5. Microbial morphology and Physiology of Baeteria and Virues,AIDS,Antibiotics.

PAPER-II

BIOLOGY, GENETICS, EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS, CHEMISTRY, PHYLOGY AND DEVELOPMENTAL  BIOLOGY.

Section A

1. Cell Biology: Cell membrance, Active transport and Sodium-potassium ATP ase Pump; Mitochondria, Golgibodies; endoplasmic reticulum; ribosome and lysosomes; Giant chrcmosomes, B-chromosomes & Prolaryotic and viral chromosomes, Chromosome mapping.

Gene concept and function: Watson-Crick model of DNA, Genetic code; Protein synthesis, Sex chromosomes and sex determination.

2. Genetics: Mendeliam expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes; Human Chromosomal abnormalities, gene and diseases; Eugenics; Genetic engineering; reeombinal DNA technology and gene cloning.s

3. Evolution and systematics: Theories of evolution; sources and nature of organic variation; natural selection; Hardy-Weinberg law; cryptic and sematic colourational mimiery; isolating methanisms and their role; insular fauna; concept of species and sub-species; principles of taxonomy; Zoological nomenclature and International code; Fossils; Geological eras; Phylogeny of horse and elephant; Origin and evolution of man; principles and theroies of continental distribution of animals; Zoogeographical relams of the world.

Section B

Biochemistry, Physiology and Developmental biology

1. Biochemistry: Structure of carbohydrates, lipids (including saturated and unsaturated fatty acids), amino acids, proteins and nucleic acid; Glycolysis, Kerb's cycle, Oxidation and reduction oxidation phosphorylatio, Energy conservation and release, ATP, C-AMP; Types of Enzymes, mechanisn of enzymes action; Immunogloblins and immunity; vitamins, Inorganic metabolism.

2. Physiology (with special reference to mammals); Composition of blood, blood grups in man, agglutionation; oxygen dioxide transport. hemoglobin, breathing and its regulation; Formation of urea and urine, acid-base balance and homoeostasis; thermo-regulation in man; Nerve impulse conduction and transmission across synapse, neurotransmitters; Vision, hearing and olfaction; Types of muscles; Digestion and absorption of protein, carbohydrate, fat and nucleic acid, control of secretion of digestive juices; Balanced diet of man. Steroid, protein, peptide and amino-acid derived hormones, role of hypothalamus. pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancrease, adrenal, gonads and pineal organ and their relationships; physiology of human reproduction, hormonal control of developmentin man; Pheromones in mammals. 3. I)evelopmental Biology: Gametogensis, fertilization, types of eggs, cleavage and gastrulation in Branchiostoma, frog and chick; Fate maps of frog and chick; metamorphosis in frog; forniation and falte of extra embryonic membrane in chick; amnion, allantois and types of placenta in mammals, organizer phenomenon, regeneration, Teratogenesis, organogenesis of brain eye and heart; Aging.

Chemistry

 PAPER - I

Atomic Structure:  Bohr's model and its limitations, De-broglb equation, Heisenberg unccrtainity principle, cpianutum mechancial operators and the Schrodinger wave equation, physical significance of wave function and its characteristics (nurmalized, orthogonal), radial distribution and shapes of s, p, d and f-orbitals. particle in a one-dimensionaI box, quantisation of electroenic energies (qualitative treat ment of hydrogen atom).

Pauli's Exc1usion principle, Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau principle.

E1ectronic configuration of atoms, Long form of Periodic table including transuraruum elements. Periodicity in properties of the elements such as atomic and ionic radii, ionization potential, electron affinity, e1ectronegatvity and hydration energy.

Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry: structure of nucleus (shell model), nuclear forces, nuclear stability-N/P ratio. nuclear binding energy. kinetics, detection and measurement of radioactivity, Artificial transmutation of elements and nuclear fission & fusion, radioactive isotopes and their applications.

Chemical Bonding: Valence bond theory (Heider-London and Pauling Slater theories), hybridization VSEPR theory and shapes of simple inorganic molecules. Molecular orbitial theory bonding, non-bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals, molecular orbital energy leval diagrams for homo and hetero nuclear diatomic molecules, bond order, bond length and bond strength, sigma-and pi-bonds, hydrogen bond, characteristics of covalent bond.

Chemistry of s-and p-Block Elements:  General properties of s-and p-block elements, chemical reactivity of elements and group trends, chemical behaviour with respects to their hydrides, halides and oxides.

Chemistry of Transition Elements: General characteristics, variable oxidation states, complex formation, colour, magnetic and catalytic properties. Comparative. study of 4d and 5d- transition elements with their 3d analogues with respect to their ionic radi, oxidation states and magnetic properties.

Chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides: Lanthanide contraction, oxidation states, Principles of separation of lanthanides and actinides. Magnetic and spectral properties of their compounds.

Coordination Chemistry: Werner's theory of cordination compounds, IUPAC system of nomenclature, Effective Atomic Number (EAN), Isomerism in coordination compounds. Valence bond theory and its limitations, Crystal field theory, Crystal field splitting of d-orbilals in octahedral, tetrahedral and square planar complexes. Dq and factors affecting its magnitude, Calculation of Crystal field Stabilisation Energies (CPSe) ford' to d9 weak and strong field octahedral complexes, type of electronic transitions, selection rules for electronic transitions, spectroscopic ground states ford to d10 systems.

Preparation. Properties and Uses of the following Inorganic Compounds; Heavy water, boric acid, diborane, hydrazine, hydrozylamine, potassium dichromate, potassium permagnate, Ce (N)sulphate and titanium (Ill) sulphate.

Polymers: Mo1ecular weight of polymers by sedimentation, light scattering, visocity and osmotic pressure. Number average and weight average molecular weights elasticity and crystallinity of polymers. borazines, silicones and phcsphonitrilic halide polymers.

Chemical Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic functions, Laws of thermodynamic and their application to various physico-chemical processes. Concept of chemical potential, Gibbs Duhem equation, Classius-Clapeyron equation, thermodynarnic treatment of Colligative properties.

Oternical Kinetics: Order and molecularity of a reaction Ratelaws, diagram of one and two component systems, Nemst distribution law, Applications of disubution law.

Electrochemistry: Theory of strong electrolytes, Debye-Huckel theory of activity coefficients, laws of electrolytic condition, transport number deterimination of transport number (Hittorfs and moving boundary method). Applications of conduclionce for determining the solubility and solubility product ionic equilioria, ionic product of water, pH, acid-base indicators, common ion effect, buffer solutings, buffer index, buff capacity, solubility product and applications in analysis.

SolId State Chemistry: Classification of solids, seven crystal systems, elements of symmetry in crystals, space lattice and unit cell classification of crystals on the basis of bond types-ionic solids, metallic solids. covalent solids, and molecular solids. The close packing of spheres-hexagonal close packing, cubic close packing and body centered cubic ,acking, coordination number and radius ratio effect bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, powder pattern method, crystal structure of NaCI mid KCl.

Surface Chemistry: Stability of and origin of charge on colloids, Electrokinetic potential. Physical and chemical adsorption, various types of adsorption isotherms. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, enzyme cataiysis (Michelis-Menton) equation.

Molecular Spectra: Rotational Spectra: Rigid and non-rigid rotator models, Determination of bond distance of watomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution.

Vibrational-Rotational Spectra: Harmonic and anharmonic vibrations, vibrational energies of diatomic molecules, zeropoint energy, evaluation of force constant. Fundamental freqencies, overtones, hot bands, degree of freedom of polyatomic molecules. Concept of group frequencies.

Raman spectra: Electronic transitions. Frank-Condon principle, phosphores cence and ffuorescence.

PAPER - II 

General Organic Chemistry:

Electronic displacement-inductive, electromeric and mesomeric effects, Conjugation and hyperconjugation. Resonance and its application to organic compounds. Electrophiles, nucleophiles, carbocations caroanious and free radicals, Organic acids and bases. Effects of structure on the strength of organic acids and bases. Hydrogen bond and its effect on the properties of organic compounds.  

Concept of Organic Reaction Mechanism: Mechanism of addition, substitution, elimination reactions and molecularre-arrangements. Mechanism of electophdic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution.  

Mechanism of the following reactions: Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Beckmann re-arrangement, perking reaction, Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Cannizzaro's reaction, Friedel-Craft's reaction, Reformatisky's reaction and Wagner.Meerwain re-arrangement.  

Aliphatic Compounds: Chemistry of simples organic compounds belonging to following classes with special reference to the mechanisms of the reactions involved therein: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alkyl halides, alcohols, ethers, thiols, aldehydes, ketones, a,b - unsaturated cabonyl compounds, acids and their derivatives, amines, aminoacids, hydroxy acids, unsaturated acids and dibasic acids.

Synthetic uses of malonic ester, acetoacetic ester, Grignard's reagent, carbene, diazo methane and phosphoranes.  

Carbohydrates: Classification, configuration and Ecneral reactions of simples monosaccharides. Osazone formation, mutarotation, pyranose and furanose structures. Chain liengtheing and chain shortening in aldoses and ketoses. Interconversion of glucose and fructose.

Stereochemistry and Conarmations: Elements of symmetry, optical and geometrical insomerism in simpleorganic compounds. Absolute configuratios (R&S), Configurations of geometrical is omers, E &z notations, Conformations of mono and disubstituted cyclohexanes. Boat and chair forms.

Aromatic Compounds: Modern structure of benzene; concept of aromaticity.

Huckel rule and its simple application to non-benzenoid aromatic compounds. Activating and deactivating effect of substitutent groups, directive influence. Study of the compounds containing following groups attached to the alkyland benzene ring halogen hydroxy, nitro and amino groups. Sulphonic acids, benzaldehyde, salicyldehyde, acetophenone. Benzoic, salicylic, phthalic, cinnamic and mandelic acids.  

Naphthalene & Pyridine: Synthesis, structure and important reactions.

Alkaids: General methods of structure elucidation of alkalodis,chemistry of nicotine.

Organic Polymers: Mechanism of polymerization, polymers of industrial. importance, synthetic fibers.

Chemistry of Iiving Cells: A brief introduction, chemical constituents,cell membrane, acid base balance. Diffusion and active transport. Donnan membraance equilbria Enzymes and Coenzymes: -Nomenclature and characteristics, factors which affect enzymes.

NMR Spectrosopy: Priniciple of PMR. chemical shift, spin-spin coupling, interpretation of PMR spectra of simple organic molecules.

Evaluation of Analytical Data: Errors, Accuracy and precision, Relative and standard deviation, rejection of doubtful observations, t-test, Q-test.

Solvent Extraction: Distribution law. Craig concept of counter-current distribution, important solvent extraction systems.

Chromatography: Classification of chromatographic techniques, general principles of absorption, partition ion exchanges, paper and thin layer chromatography.

Environmental Chemistry: Air pollutants and their toxic effect, depletion of ozone layer. Effects of oxides of nitrogen, fluoro chloro carbons and their effect on ozone layer. Green house effect, Acid rain.

Physics

PAPER-I

MECHANICS, THERMAL PHYSICS AND WAVES & OSCILLATIONS

1. Mechanics: Conservation law Collisions, impact paramete., scattering cross-section. centre of mass and lab systems with transformation of physical quantities, Rutherford Scattering. Motion of a rocket under constant force field, rotating frames of reference, Coriolis force. Motion of rigid bodies, Dynamics of rotating bodies, Motion of charged particles under electric and magnetic fields, Lorentz force, Moment of inertia, Tneorem of narallel and perpendicular axes. Moment of inertia of sphere, ring cylinder, disc. angular momentum, Torque and Precession of a top, Gyrosope. Central forces, Motion under inverse square law, kepler's Laws, Motion of Satellites (including geostationary). Galilean Relativity, special Theory of Relativity. Michelson-Morley experiment, Lorentz Transformations-addition theorem of velocities. Variation of mass with velocity, mass-Energy equivalence. fluid dynamics, stearnlines, Reynold number, Viscosity, Poiseulle's formula fer the flow of liquid through narrow tubes, turbulance, Bemoalli'sEquation with simples applications.

2. Thermal Physics: Laws of thermodynamics,Entropy,Carnots cycle, isothermal and adiabatic changes, thermodynamic potentials, Helmbothzand Gibbs functions, Maxwell's relations. The c1ausius-CIapeyom equatien, Reversible Camotd cycle, Head Engine and Bffeciency, Joule-Kelvin effect, Stefan-Boltzmann Law. Kinetic Theory of gases, Maxwell's Ditribution Law of velocities. Equipartition of energy, specific heats of gases, mean free path, Browniar, Motion. Black Body radiatiun, specific heat of solides, Enistein and Debye theories, Wein's Law Plancks's law solar constant, Shah's theory of thermalionization and Stellar Spectra. Production of law temperatures using adiabatic demagnetization and dilution  refrigeration. Ccncept of negative temperature.  

3. Waves and Oscillations: Oscillations, simple harmonic motion. Example of simple harmonic motion: Mass, spring and LC circuits. Stationary and traveling waves, Damped harmonic motion, Forced oscillation and Resonance. Sharpness of resonance, Waves, Two peryendicular simple hamonic motions-Lissajous figures, Fourie analysis of periodic waves-square and triangular waves. Phase and Group velocities, Beats, Huygen's principle, Division of amplitude anc wavefront Fresnel biprism, Newton's rings, Michelson interf'ermeter Fabry-Perot iteterferometer. Diffraction-Fresfiel and Fraunhofel. Difffllction as Fourier Transformation. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction by rectangular and CIrcular apertures. Diffraction by straightedge, Single and multiple sltis. Resoiving power of grating and Optical Instruments. Rayleigh Criterion, Polarizaticn, production and cetcction of polarized light (linear, circular and ellipitical. Brewster's law, Huyghen's theory of double refraction, optical rotation, polarimeters. laser sources Helium-Neon, Ruby, Nd. YAG and semi-conductor diodes).Concept of spatial and tepmporal coherence. Holography. Theory and applications.

PAPER -II

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, MODERN PHYSICS AND ELECTRONICS

1. Electricity and Magnetism: Coulomb's Law, Electric Field. gauss's law, Electric potential. Poission and Laplace equations for homogeneous dielectrics, uncharged conducting sphere in a uniform field. Electric field due to a point charge aad infinitt: conducting place. Current electricity: Kirchoff's laws and its applications:

Wheatstone bridge, Kelvin's double bridge, Carey-Foster bridge. Bio-Savart law and its applications. Ampere's circuitual law and its applications, Magnetic- induction and field strength, Magnetic shell, Magntic field on the axis of a circular coil. Helmhclz coil. Electromagnetic induction, Faraday's and Lenzs low, Self and Mutual inductances, Alternating currents. L.C.R. circuits, series and parallel resonance ciruits, quality faetcr, Maxwell's equations and electromagnctic waves. Tramsverse nature of electromagnetic Waves, Poynting vector, Magnetic fields in matter: Dia Para, Feno, Antiferro and Ferrimagnetism (qualitiative approach only). Hysteresis.  

2. Modern Physics : Bohr's theory cf hydrogen atom electron spin, Optical and X-ray Spectra, Stem-Gerlach experiment and spatial quantization. Vector model of the atom, spectral tenns, fine Structure of spectha1 lines. J-J and L-S couplIings. Zeeman effects, Pauli's exclusion principle, spectral terms of two equivalent and non-equivalenl electrons. Gross and fine stucture of electronic band spectra. Raman effect, Photoelectric effect Comption effecet, de Broglies wave. Wave Particle duality Uncertainity principle. Postulateof quatum mechanics. Scrodinger wave equation ,vith application to (i) particle in a box,(ii ) motion across a stem potenital. (iii) one dimcnsional harmonic osciliator, Eigen values and Eiger. functions. Radioactivity, Allpha beta gamma radiation.. Elementary theory of the alphadecay. Nuclear bindinl! energy. Mass spectroscopy, Semi empirical mass formula. Nuclear fission and fusion. Elementary Reactor physics, Elementary particles and their classification  strong weak and electromgnetic interactions. particles accelerators cyclotron Linear accelerators. Eementary ideas of Supenconductivity.

3. EIectronics: Band theory of Solids, conductors. insulators and semiconductors. Intrinsic and exutrinsic semiconducts P.N. Junctions. Thermisteor, Zener diodes, reverse and forward biased P.N. Junction Solar cell. Use of diodes and.transistors for rectification amplication, oscilation modulation and detection of f.f. waves Transistor reciver. Televisoin. Logic Gates and their truth tables, some applications.

Mathematics

PAPER-I 

Linear Algebra: Vecter space, bases, dimension of a flnitely generatcl space, Linear transformation Rank and nullity of a linear transformation. Cayley Hamiliton theorem, Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors. matrix of a linear transformation. Rowand column reduelion. Echelon fonn. Equivalence, Congruence and similiarity. Reduciion to canonical form. OrthogonaI, symmetricaI, skew symmetrical, unitary, hermitian and skew-Humilian matrires-their eigenvalues, orthogonal and unitary reduction of quadratic and Hermitian forms. Positive quadratic forms. Simultaneous redaction.  

Calculus: Rcal numbers, limits, continuity  differentiability. Mean-vallie theorems, Taylors theorem, indeterminate fors, Maxima and Minima Curve Tracing. Asymptotes. functions of several variables, partial deri vatives, maxima and minima Jacobian. Definite and indefinite'lntegrals Double and triple Integrab (techniques only), application to beat and Gamma Functions. Areas. Volumes Centre of gravity.

Ana1ytica1 Geometry of Two and three Dinlensions : First and  second degree equations in two dirnensiollsin Cartesian and polar coordinates. Plane, sphere, paraboloid, Ellipsoid, hyperboloid one and two sheets and their dementary properties. Curves in space. curvature and torsion. Frenet's formulae.

Differential equations: Orders and Degree of a differential equation differential equations of first order and first degree, variables separable. homogeneous, linear, and exact differential equations. Differential equations with constant coeffidents. The complementary function and the particula integral of eAX, cosax, sinax, xm, eax coshx, eax sinbx.  

Vector Analysis: Vector Algebra, Differentiation of  Vector function of a scalar variable, Gradient, divegence and curl in Cartesian, cylindrica1 and spherical coordinates and their, pysical interpretation. Higher ordr derivatives. Vector identities and vector eqations, Gaus and Stokes' theorems.

Tensor Analysis: Dfinetion of a Tensor, Trarsformation of coordinates, contravariant and convariant tensors. Addition and muitiplication of tensors, contraction of tenscrs. Inner product, fundamental tensors, Christoffel symbols. conyariant differentiation. Cradlent curl and divergence in tensor notation.

Statics: Equilibrium of a system of particics, work and potential energy. Friction.

Commun catenary. Principle of Virtual work. stability of equilibrium.Equilibrium of forces in three dimensions.

Dynamics: Degrec of freedom and constraints, Rectilinear motion, Simple harmonic motion in a plane. projetiles, Ccnstrained motion, work and enery Motion uner impuIsive forces, kepler's laws. Orbits under central forces. Motion of varying mass. Motion under resisting medium.

Hydrostatics: Pressure of hevy fluids. Equilibrium of fluids under given system. of forces. Centre of pressure. Thrust on curved surfaces. Equilibrium of Floating bodies, stability of equilibrium and Pressure of gases, problem relating to atmosphere                                             

PAPER-II  

Algebra: Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups homomorphism of groups, quotient groups, Basic isomorphism theorems, Sylow therems. Permutation Groups . .

Cayley's theorem: Rings and ideals, Principal ideal domains. Unique factorization domains and Euclidean domains, Field Extension, Finite fields.  

Real Analyis: Metric spaces, their topology with specia1 reference to R" sequenne in metric space. Cauchy sequence, ccmpleteness. Completion continuous functions, Uniform continuity, properties of continuous functions on Compact sets, Riemann Stieltjes Integral, 'Improper integrals and their conditions of existence. Difierentiation of functions of several variables. Implicit funetion theorem, maxima and minima.  

Absolute and Conditional convergence of series of real and Complex terms, Rearrangement of series, Uniform convergence, infinite products. Continuity, differentability and integrability for series, Multiple integarls.

Complex Analysis: Analytic functions, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's Integral formula, power series, Taylor's series, Singularities, Cauchys' Residue theorem and Contour integration.

Partial Differential Equations: Formation of partial differential equations, types of integrals of partial differential equations of first order Charpits method, Partial differential equation with constant coefficients.

Mechanics: Generalised coordinats, Constraints, holonumic and nonholonomic systems, D'Alembert's Principle and Langntnges' equations, Moment of inertia, Metion of rigid hodies in two dimensions.

Hydrodynamics: Equation of continuity, momentum and energy, inviscid flow theory Two dimensional motion, streaming motion, Sources and Sinks.

Numerical Analysis:  Transcendental and polynomial Equations-Methods of tabulation, bisection regula-falsi, secants and Nwton-Rephson and order of its convergence. Interpolation and numerical. Difff'rentiation-polynomial interpolation with equal or unequal step size Numerical differentiation formulae with error terms.

Numerical integration of Ordinary difierential Equations : Equations:

Euler's method, multistep-predictors Corrector methods-Adams' and Milne's method, convergences and stability, Runge-Kutta Methods.

Operational Research: Mathematical Programming-Definition and some elementary properties of convex sets, simplex methods, rectangular games and their solutions.

Geology

PAPER-I  

GENERAL GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY, STRUCTRUAL GEOLOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY AND STRATIGRAPHY -

(i) General Geology: Origin and interior of the Earth. Geological Time scale Dating of rocks by varicus methods and age of the earth. Radio-activity and its application to geological problcms. Volcanoes, causes and products, volcanic belts. Earth quak secauses, effects, distributions and its relation to volcanic belts.

Geosynclines and their classification, island arcs, deep sea trenches and mid-oceanic ridges; Sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics; isostasy. Mountains-types and orgin Origin of continents and oceans. An outline of ccntinental drift. Origin and evolution of himalaya. Neotectioncis.

(ii) Geomorphology: Basic concepts and significance, Geomorphic processes and parameters. Mass movement, Geomorphic cycles and their interpfctation, Relief featues, topography and its relation to structures lithology. Major landforms, Drainage system, Geomorphic features of Indian subcontinent, Himalaya glaciers.

(iii) structural Geology: Stress and strain ellipsoid, and rock deformation.

Mechanics of folding, faulting and Thrusting. Linear and planar structures and their genetic significance. Petrofabric analysis, its graphic representation and application to geological problems. Tectonic frame work of India, Himalayan tectonics.  

(iv) Palaentology: Micro-and macro-fossils. Modes of preservation and utility of fossils. General idea about classification and nomenclature. Organic evolution and the bearing of palaeontological studies on it.

Morphology, CIassification and geological history including evolutionary trends of brachipods, bivalves, gastropods, ammonoids, trilobites, echinoids and corals.

Principal groups of vertebrates and their main morphological characters. Vertebrate life through ages. Dinosaurs. Detailed study of evolution of horses, elephants and man. Gondwana flora and its importance. Types of microfossilas and their significance with special reference to petroleum exploration.

(v) Stratigraphy: Principles of stratirphy, stratigraphic classification and nomenclature. Standard stratigraphical scale. Detailed study of various of horses, elephants and man. Gondwana ftora and its importance. Types of microfossils and  their significance with special reference to petroleum exploration.

(v) Stratigraphy: Principles of stratigraphy, stratigraphic classification and nomenclature. Standard stratigraphical scale. Detailed study of various geological  system of lndian sub continent General statigraphy of Uttaranchal Himalaya.

Boundary problems in stratigraphy: Pre-cambrian and Cambrian, permian-Triassic, cretaceous Tertiary and Neogene-Quateruary .Correlation of the major Indian formations with their world equivalents. And outline of the stratigraphy of various geological systems. Brief study of climates and igneous activites in Indian sub-continent  during geological past. Palaeogeographic reconstructions. Recent reseaches in Himalayan Geology.                                              

PAPER-II

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, MINERALOGY; PETROLOGY AND ECONOMIC GEOLOGY

(i) Crystallography: Crystalline and non-crystalline substances, space group.

Lattics symmetry. classification of crystals, forms and their habits, Weiss and Miller's symbol of Crystallograhic notation. Symmetry element and forms of the normal class of all crystal systems. Twinning in crystals. Crystal irregularities. Application of X -Rays for crystal studies.

(ii) Optical Mineralogy: General principles of optics, isotropism and anisotropism, concepts of opitical indicatnx, Pleochrosim, Birefringence and interference colours; and exinction. Optical  orientation in crystals, dispersion, optical accessories.

(iii) Mineralogy: Elements of crystal chemistry, types of bon dings, ionic radii,

co-ordination number, isomorphism. polymorphism and pseudomorphism. Structural classification of  silicates. Detailed  study of rock forming minerals, their physical, chemical and optical properties and ues, if any. Study of the alteration products of these minerals.

(iv) Petrology: Magma, its generation, nature and composition. Simple phase diagrams of binary and ternary systems and their significance.; Bown's Reaction. Principle.  Magmatic differentiation and assimilation. Texture and structure and their petrogenetic significance. Classification of igneous rocks. Petrography and petrogenesis of important rock types of India granites, alkaline rock, charnockites, anorthosite and Deccan basalts. Processes of  formation of sedimentary rocks. Diagenesis  and lithification. Textures and structures and thcir petrogentic significance. Classification of sedimentary rocks: clastic and no e1astic. Heavy minerals and their significance. Elementary concept of depositional environments, sedmentary, facies and provenance. petrography of cornmon rock types. Metamorphic processes and types of metamorphism. Metamorphic grades, zones and facies. ACF, AKF and AFM diagrams. Textures, structures and nomenclature of metamorphic rocks. Petrography and petrogenis of important rock types.

(v) Economic Geology: Ore, Ore mineral and gangue tenor of ores, Processes of Formation of mineral deposits. Common forms and structures of ore deposits. Control of ore deposition. Metallogenetic epochs and Provinces. Study of important metalliferous and non-metalliferous deposits, oil and natural gas fields, and coal fields ofIndia, Mineral wealth of India Mineral economics. National mineral policy. Conservation and utilization of minerals.  

(vi) Applied Geology: Essentials of prospecting and exploration techniques.

Principal methods of mining. Sampling. ore dressing and mineral beneficiation. Geological coilsiderations in Engineering, works: Dam, Thmels, Bridges and Roads. Natural hazards and their mitigation.  

Elements of soil and groundwater geology and geochemistry. use of aerial photographs and satellite immageries in geological investigations. Water resources Of Uttaranchal; Himalayan Environment.
 

Agriculture

PAPER-I

SECTION-A

Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their managment and consetvation, Environment factors of crop distribution and production. Climatic elements as factor of crop growth, impact of changing environment of cropping pattern. Environmental pollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans.

Cropping, patterns in different agro-climatic zones of Uttaranchal, Impact of high yielding and short duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of multiple cropping, rnultistory, of practices for production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre, sugar and cash crops grown during kharif and rabi seasons in different regions of Uttaranchal.

Important features, scope and propagation of various types of forestry plants with reference to agro-forestry and social forestry.

Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various field crops; their multiplications; cultural, biological and chemical control of weeds.

Processes and factors of soil formation, classification on Indian soils including modern concepts. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role in maintaning soil productivity. Problem soils, extent and distributionin India and their reclamation. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial element in soils and plants, their occurrence, factors affecting their distribution. functions. and cycling in spil. Symbiotic and nin-symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Principles of soil fertility and it evatuation for judicial fertilizer use.

Soil conservation planning on water shed basis, Erosion and run of management in hillyfoot hills and valley lands; process and factors affecting them. Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilizing agriculture production in minfed agriculture area of Uttaranchal.  

SECTION-B

Water use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations, ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Drainage of water-logged soils.

Farm management, scope importimce anc characteristics, from planning and budgeting. Economics of different types offarm ing systems.

Marketing and princing of agriculture inputs and outputs, price fluctuations and thein cost, role of co-operatives in agricultural economy tyges and systems of farming and factors affecting them.      

Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extension programmes, diffusion, communications and adoption of innovations. people's participation and motivation. Farm mechanization and its role in agricultural production and rural empolyment. Training programmes for extension workers and formers. Extension systems and programmes Training & Visits, KVK. KGK, NATP and IVLP.  

PAPER-II

SECTION-A

Heredity and variation. Mendels law of inheritance. Chrommosomal theory of inhertiance. Cytoplasmic inheritance. Sex linked, sex influenced and sex limited characters. Spontaneous and induced mutations. Role of chemical in mutation. Origin and domestication of field crop. Morphological patterns of variations in variooes and related species of important field crops. Causes and utilization of variations in crop improvement.

Application of the principles of plant breeding to the improvement of major - field crops, methods of breeding of self and cross-pollinated crops. Introduction, slelection,hybridization. Male sterlity and self incompatability, utilization of mutation and polyploidy in breeding.

Seed technology and its importance, production. processing storage and testing of seeds. Role of national and state seed organizations in production. Processing and narketing of improved seeds.

Physiology and its significance in agriculture, physical properties and chemical constituion of protoplasm, inhibition, surface tension, diffusion and osmosis. absorption and translocation of water, transpiration and water economy.  

SECTION-B

Enzymes and plant pigments. Photosyntilesis modem concepts and factors affection the process. aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Growth and developments. photoperioriism and vernalization. Plant growth regulators and their mechanism of action & importance in crop production.

Climatic requirement's and cultivation of major fruits and vegetable crops; package of praetices and the scientific basis for the same. Pre and post harvest physiology of fruits and vegetables. Principal methods of preservation of fruits and vegetables. Processing techniques and equipments Landscape and Aoriculture including raising of ornamental plants. Design and layout of lawns and gardens.

Diseases and pests of vegetable, fruits and plantation crops of  Uttraranchal and measures to control plant diseases. Integrated management of pests and diseases. Pesticides  and their formulations, plant protection equipment, their care and maintenance.

Storage pests of cereals and pulses. Hygiene of storage  godowns, preservation and remedial measures.

Food production and consumption trends in India. National and  international food policies. Procurement, distribution, Processing and production constrains.  

Botany

PAPER-I

Microbiology, Pathology, Plant Diversity, Morphogenesis Microbiology:-

Microbial diversity, elementary idea of microbiology of air, water and soil a general account of microbial infection and immunity; applicationof microbiology with reference to agriculure, industry medicine and environment.

Plant Pathology: Important plant diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi and nematodes with special reference to root blot of crueifers, tabacco mosaic, leaf curl of papaya, citrus canker, leaf blight of paddy, rust of tea, rust of wheat, smut of barley, late bight of potaio, red rot of sugarcane and wilt of arhar.

Plant Diverslity: Classification, structure, reproduction, life cycles and economic importance of viruses, bacteria, algae, fungi, bryophyte pterodophytes and gymnosperms including fossils morphology of root stem, leaf, flower and seed secondary growth embryology microspogenesis and male gametophyte, megas porogenesis and female gametophyte, fertilization, embryo and endosperm development; apomixes and experimental embryology, principle of faxonomy, modem systems of classification of angiosperms, rules of botanical nomenciature, biosystematics; distinguishing features of the families Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, caryophyllaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Apiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae, Asteraceae,:

Apocyanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Arecaceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae.

Morphogenesis: Correlation, polarity, symmetry, totipotency, differentiation and regeneration of tissues and organs; morphogenetic factors, methods and appli.cations of cell tissue, organ and protoplast culturer; somaclonal variations, somatic hybrid& and cybrids.

PAPER-II

Cell Biology, Genetics, Physiology and Biochemistry, Ecology and Economic

Cell Biology:  Cell as structural and functional unit of life ultrastructure of eukaryotic and p'rokaryotic cells, structure and function of plasmamembrance, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, mitochondria, ribosomes, golgi bodies and nucleus; cell cycle-mitosis and meiosis, chromosomal morphology and chemistry, numerical and structural changes in chromosomes and their cytological and genetical effect.  

Genetics: Mendel's law of inheritances, interaction of genes, linkage and crossing over, genetic recombination in fungi, cyanobacteria, bacteria and viruses, gene mapping, sex linkage, determination of sex, cytoplasmic inheritance of plastids; develoment of genetics and gene concept, genetic code molecular genetics-DNA as genetic material, structure and replication of DNA role of nucleic acids in protein synthes is (transcription and translation) and regulation of gene experssion; mutation and evolution DNA damage and repair, gene amplification, gene rearrangement; oncogene; genetic engineering. restriction enzyme, cloning vectors (p BR 322, P Ti, lambda phase), gene transfer, recombinant DNA, genomic libraries, application of genetic engineering in human welfare.

Physiology and Biochemistry: Water relations of plants-absorption, conduction of water and transpiration; mineral nutrition and ion transport translocation of  photosynthates, essential micro and macroelements and their function; chemistry and classification of carbohydrates photosynthesis-mechanism and importance factors af- N fecting photosynthesis, c3 and c4 carbon fixation cycle, photo respiration plant

repiration and fermentation Kreb's cycle: proteins and amino acids, engymes and co-enzymes, mechanism of enzyme action secondary metabolites (alkaloids, steroids, terpenes,lipids)

Ecology: Concept of ecology and environment, environmental faetorincluding biotic and abiotic population and community dynamics structure and function of different ecosystems; Biogeochemical cycles, gaseous cycles, pollution and control, latitudinal and altiudinal variation in vegetation with special reference to the Himalaya Applied ecologysoil and water conservation; management of agriculture and forests; role of remote sensing in ecology. Threatened  plants and conservation of biodiversity. Convention of  biological diversity.

Economic Botany: Centres of origin on some crop plants viz maize, rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, groundnut, mango, citrus etc cereals and legumes of economic importance, common fruits and vegetables, fibre, medicinal and timber yielding-plant of western Himalaya general account of medicinal and aromatic plants.

Ethnobotany: A general account, improvement of crops through plant breeding, hybridization, selection, mutations, transgenic seed etc.

Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science

PAPER-I

SECTION A :

A. ANIMAL NUTRITION

1 . Energy Nutrition:  Energy sources, energy metabolism. Requirement of energy for maintenance and Production of milk, Meat, eggs and work energy evaluation of foods.      

2. Protein Nutrition: Sources of protein, digestion and metabolism of protein, evaluation, requirements of protein for maintenance and production, Energy protein ration in a ration.

3. Mineral Nutrition: Sources function, deficiency symptoms, requirement for animals and their relationship with vitamins.

4 Vitamins: Sources function, deficiency symptoms, requirements and interreationship with minerals feed additives.

5. Applied Nutrition: Evaluation of feeding experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding  standards measures energy and proteins for ruminants and unruminants, Nutrient -requirement for growth, Maintenance and production, Balanced ration.

6. Ruminant Nutrition: Nutrient and their metabolism with referenceto milk production and its composition Nutrient requirements and feed formulation for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffal.oes.

7. Non-rumiant Nutrition: Nutrient and their metabqIism with special reference to meat an egg production. Nutrient  requirements and feed formulation for layer, broler and pig.

8. Common Feeds and Fodders and their Nutrition: Characteristic for hil region. Conventional  and non-conventional feeds.  

B. Animal Physiology  

1. Growth and Animal Production: Parental and Post natal growth, matunition, growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, body composition and meat quality.

2. Milk Production: Hormonal control of mammary development. Milk  secretion and milk ejection, composition of milk of cow and buffaless.

3. Animal Reproduction: Male and female reproductive organ, their components and functions.

4. Digestive Physiology: Organs of digestion and their functions. Digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fatein ruminants and non-ruminants.

5. Environmental physiology: Physiology relations and their regulation mechanism of adaption, environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved in animal behaviour. Method of controlling climatic stress.

6. Semen Quality Preservation and Artificial Insemination: Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, physical and chemical properties of ejaculated semen, semen preservation, composition of dilutents. Sperm concentration, transport of diluted semen, deep freezing techniques.

SECTION-B

C. Livestock Production and Management

1. Commercial Dairy Farming: Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries. Dairying  under mixed farming and as specialized farming. economic dairy fanning. starting of dairy farm capital and land requirements, organization of dairy farms, procurement of goods. opportunities in dairy farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animals, herd recording. budgeting, cost of millk production, pricing policy. personnel management.

2. General Managements: Managements of livestock pregnant and Milking cows, newly born calves). livestock records. principles of clean milk production economics of livestock farming Housing for livestock and poultry. General problems of sheep. goat. pigs. rabbits and poultry management.  

3. Feeding Management: Developing practical and economic rations for dairy cattle. supply of green fodder throughout the year. Land and fodder requirement of dairy farms. feeding regimes for dry, young stock, bulls, heiferes and breeding animals.

4. Management of Animals under Drought Conditions : Feeding and management of animal under drought, flood and other natural calamities.

D. Milk and Milk Products Technology

1. Milk Technology: Organization of rural milk procurement, collection and transport of raw milk.

Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Quality, storage, grade of whole milk, skimmed milk and cream. Processing, packing, storing, distributing, marketing defects and their control and nutritive properties of the following milk. Pasteurized, standardized, Toned, double toned, sterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milk. Culture and their management, Yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi, srikhand, legal standards, sanitation, requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipments.

2. Milk Product Technology: Section of raw materials, assembling, production, processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as butter, ghee, khoa, chenna, cheese, condensed, evaporated, dry milk, baby food, ice-cream and kulfi. Testing, grading, judging of milk products. BIS and Agmark specificition, legal standards, quality control and nutritive properties. Packing, processing and operational control cost.

3. Milk ByproductsTechnology: Why products, butter milk, lactese and caein.

4. Import and Export of livestock and LivestockProducts.

PAPER-II 

SECTION-A

A. Genetics and Animal Breeding:

1. Animal Genetics: Mitosis and meiosis, Mendeli~m inhertiance, deviations to Mendalian genetics, Expression of genes, Linkage and crossing over, sex determination sex influenced and sex limited characters, Blood groups and . polymorphism, chromosomal aberrations, Gene and its struture, DNA as a genetic material, Genetic code and protein syntheiss, Recombination DNA technology, mutationtype of mutations methods for detecting mutations and mutation role.

2. Population Gepetics Applied to Animal Breeding: Quantitative Vs qualitative traits, Hard weinbery law, Population VsIndividual, Gene and genotype frequency. Forces charging gene frequency, random drift and smal population, Indreeding, methods of estimating inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding. Effective.population size, Breeding value, estimatio of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation, partitioning of variation, genotype environment correlation and genotype environoment interaction.  

3. Breeding System: Heritability, repeatability and genetic and phenotypic correlation their methods of estimation and precision of estimates. Aids to selection anc their relative merits, individual, pedigrea, family and within family selection progen) testing, methods of selection, basis of selection response to selection and its measure selection differential sireinder, selection index, recurrent and reciprocal recurrent selection, establishment of new breed, inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading hybridizatior crossbreeding, out crossing. Approach to livestock breeding policy for hill areas.

B. Health and Hygiene:

1. Anatomy of ox and fowl. Histological techniques Freezing, paraffin embedding etc, Preparation and staining of blood film. 2. Commor histological stain and embryology of cow. 3. Physiology of blood and its circulation, digestion: respiration, excretion, endocrine gland in health and diseases . .4. Qeneral knowledge of Pharmacology and therapetics of drugs. 5. Veterinary hygiene with respect of water, air and habitation environmental hygiene. 6. Milk hygiene, meat hygiene.

SECTION-B

C. Animal Diseases

1. Immunl'y and Vacclination: Approach to disease management. Quarantine. Types of immunity and vaccines Principles and methods ofimmunization of animals against specific diseases, herd immunity, disease free zones, zero disease concept, chemoprophylaxis.

2. Diseases of Cattle, Buffalo, Sheep and Goats: Etiology, symptoms. diagnosis, Prevention and control and treatment of the following diseases; Metabolic diseases Mineral deficiency disease of livestock: Plant and other toxicites Anthrax, haemorrahagic septicaemia, black quarter, mastits, tuberculosis, Johnes diseases, Foot and mouth diseases, Rinderpest rabies, piroplasmosis, Trypnasomiasis Faciolisis tympanitis. Diseases of  new born calf.

3. Disease of Poultry: Etiology, symptoms, diagnosis, prevention, control and treatments of Ranikhet disease, Fowl pox, Avian leacosis complex. Marek's disease and gumboro disease.

4. Disease of Swine: Swine fever, Hogcholera.

5. Disease of Dog: Canine distemper, parvo diseases, Rabies in pets in relation to human health.

D. Veterinary Public Health :

1. Zoonoses Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in transmission of zoonotic diseases. Zoonotic diseases caused by varieus agents and their control.

2. Veterinary Jurisprudence. Rule and regulations for improvement of animals quality and prevention of animal diseases. Materials  and methods for collection of samples for veterolegal investigation. Presentation  of cruelity to animals. 3. Duties and role of veterinanian in slaughter house to provide meat that is produced under ideal hygienic conditions.

4. Byproducts form slaughter houses and their economic utilization

5. Method of collection, preservation and processing of hormonal glands for medicinal use.  

E. Extension: Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension, different methods adopted to educate fanners under rural conditions. Generation to technology, its transfer and feed back. Problems and constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry to programmers for rural development  

Statistics 

PAPER-I

Probaoility Theory andBtatistical Applications

Group A-Probability Theory.

Sample Space and Events, Classical and Axiomatic Definitions of Probability, Properties of Probability Measure, Conditional Probability, Independence of Events, Bayes' Theorem and its Applications.

Random Variable and its Distribution Function, Elementary Properties of Distribution Function, Discrete and continuous Random Variables, Bivariate Distribution and Associated Marginal and Conditional Distributions.

Expectation. Moments, Moment Generating and Characteristic Functions, Markov and Chebyshev Inequalities, convergence in Probability, Weak Law of Large Numbers and Central limit Theorem for Independently and Identically distributed Random Variables.

Some Standard Discrete and Continuous Distributions, viz. Binomial, Poisson, Hypergeometric, Geometric, Negative Binomial, Multinomial, Uniform, Normal, Exponential, Gamma, Beta and Cauchy, Bivariate Normal Distribution.                        

Group B- Statistical Applications

Linear Regression and Correlation, Product Moment Correlation, Rank Correlation; Intra-Class Correlation and Correlation Ratio, Multiple and partial Correlation and Regression for three Variables.

Principles of Experimental Design, One-way and Two-way Analysis of Variance with equal Number of Observations per Cell, Completely Randomized Design, Randomized Block Design, Latin Square Design, 22 and 23 Factorial Experiments, Missing Plot Technique.

Sources of Demographic Data, Stable and Stationary Populations, Measures of Fertility and Mortality. Life Tables, Simple Population Growth Modles and Population Projection Techniques.

Index Numbers and their Uses, Index Numbers due to Laspeyre, Pasche, Marshall-Edgwowth and Fisher, Tests for Index Numbers, Construction of price Index Number and Cost-Living Index Number. Time Series and its Components, Determination of Trends and Seasonal Indices, Periodogram and Correlogram Analysis, Variate Difference Method.  

PAPER-II

Statistical Inference and Management

Group A- Statistical Inference

Properties of Estimators. Consistency. Unbisedness, Efficiency, Sufficiency and Completeness, Cramer-Rao Bound. Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimation, Rao-Blackwell Theroem.

Estimation Procedures, Method of Moments and Method of Maximum Ukelihood,

Properties of Estimators, Interval Estimation.

Simple and Composite Hypothesis, Two kinds of Errors, Critica1 Region, Level of Significance, Size and Power function, Unbiased Tests, Most Powerfull and Uniformly most Powerful Tests, Neymen-Pearson Lemma and its applications,

Likelihood Ratio Tests.        

Tests based on t, x2, z and F- distributions, Large Sample Tests; Variall.Ce Stabilizing Transformations.

Distributions of order Statistics and Range, Non-parametric Tests, viz Sign Test, Median Test, Run Test, Wilcoxon-Mann- Whitney Test.  

Group B- Statistical Management

Nature of Operations Research Problems, Linear Programming Problem and the Graphical Solution in simple Cases. Simplex Method, Dual of Linear Programming Problem, Allocation and Transportation Problems.

Zero-sum two-person game, Pure and Mixed Strategies, Value of a Game,

Fundamental Theorem, Solution of 2 x 2 Games.   

Nature and Scope of Sample Survey, Sampling vs. Complete Enumeration, Simple Random Sampling from Finite Populations with and Without replacement. Stratified Sampling and Allocation Principles, Cluster Sampling with Equal Cluster Size. Ratio, Product and Regression Methods of Estimation and Double Sampling, Two Stage Sampling with Equal First Stage Units, Systematic Sampling.

Statistical Quality Control Charts for Variable and Attributes -(X,R), (X, s), p, np and C Charts.

Acceptance Sampling, OC, ASN and ATI Curves, Productor's risk and Consumer's risk, Concept of AQL, AQL and LTPD, Single and Double Sampling Plans.

Scaling Procedures, Scaling of Test Items, Test Scores, Qualitative Judgements, Theory of Tests, Parallel Tests, True Score, Reliability and Validity of Tests.

Mechanical Engineering

PAPER-I

PART-A

1. Theory of Machines: Kinematics and dynamic analysis of planar mechanisms.

Belt and chain drives. Gears and gear trains. Cams. Flywheel. Governors. Balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses single and multi cylinder engines. Free, forced and damped vibrations (single degree of freedom). Critical speeds and whirling of shafts. Automatic controls.

2. Mechanics of Solids: Stress, strain relationship and analysis (in two dimensions). Strain energy concepts. Theories of failure. Principal stresses and strains. Mohr's construction. Uniaxial loading. Thermal stresses. Beams-bending . moment, shear force, bending stresses, deflection. Shear stress distribution. Torsion of shafts. Helical springs. Thin and thick walled pressure vessels. Shrink fits. Columns. Rotating discs.

3. Engineering Materials: Structure of solids-basic concepts. Crystalline materials. Imperfections. Alloys and binary phase diagrams. Structures and properties of common engineering materials and applications. Heat treatment of steels, Polymers, Ceramics, Composite materials.

PART-B

4. Manfacturing Science: Manufacturing processes-basic concepts-Mechanics of metal cutting. Merchant's force analysis. Taylor's tool life equation Machinability, economic of machining,  Automation, NC and CNC. Recent  machining mthods. EDM, ECM, EMB, LBM, PAM and USM, Analysis of forming processes. High  energy rate forming, Jigs and fixtures. Cutting tools & cutting tool materials, Gauges. Inspection of lengths, angles and surface finish. Gem manufacturing methods. Thread cutting and thread rolling methods. System of limits, fits & tolerances.

5. Manufacturing Management: Product development Value analysis. Break even analysis. Fore-casting techniques. Operations scheduling. Capacity planning .  Assembly line balancing. CPM and PERT. Inventory control. ABC analysis-EOQ model. Material requirement. Planniirg. Project appraisal & Projeet financing. Cost benefit analysis. Cash Flow analysis. Job design, Job standards. Method stud and work measurement Quality management Quality analysis. Control charts, Acccpunce sampling. Total quality management Operations research-liner programing. Graphical and simplex method. Transportation and assignment models. Single server quenching mode.

6. Elements of Computation: Computer organization. Flow charting features of common computer llifiguages. Fortran, Dbase, Louts - 2-3. C. elementary programming.

PAPER-II

PART-A

1. Thermodynamics: Basic concepts, First law and its application. Second law, its corollaries and applications. Maxwell anll T-ds equation. Clapeyron equation. Availability and irreversibility.

2. Heat Transfer: Laws of heat transfer. One and two dimensional steady state heat conduction. Heat transfer form extended surfaces. One dimensional unsteady state heat conduction. Free and forced convective heat transfer. Dimensional analysis. Heat exchangers. Radiation laws. Shape factors. Heat exchange between black and non-black surfaces. Network analysis.

3. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning: Vapour compression, absorption, steamjet and air refrigeration systems. Properties of refrigerants. Compressors. Condensers. Expansion valve and evaporators. Psychrolrietric processes. Comfort zones. Cooling load calculations. All the year round air conditioning systems.

PART-B

4. Internal Combustion Engines: SI and CI engines. Four stroke and two stroke c:ngines. Valve timing diagrams. Combustion phenomena in Sl and CI engines. Detonation and knocking. Choice of engine fuels. Octane and cetane ratings. Combustion of fuels. Engine emission and controls. Engine tail.  

5. Thrbomachines: Classification of turbo machines. Continuity. momentum and energy equation. Adiabatic and isentropic  flow. Flow analysis in axial flow . compressors and turbines. Flow analysis in centrifugal pumps and compressors.

Diernensional analysis and modeling. Performance of pumps, compressors and turbines.

6. Power Plants: Selection of site for steam, hyriro, nuclear and gas power plants. Modern stearn genefil.lors, Draft and dust removal equipments. Fuel and cooling water systems. Thermodynamic analysis of steam power plants. Governing of turbines. Thermodynamic analysis of gas turbine power plants. J'lon-conventional power plants-solar, thermal, geo-thermal and wind generator. Economics of power generation. Thermo- electrical and thennoionic convertors, Biomass, Environmental and social constraints.

Anthropology

PAPER-I

SECTION 'A' (FOUNDATIONS OF ANTHROPOLOGY)

1. Meaning, Scope and Aims of Anthropology: Relationship of Anthmpology with. History, Sociology, Psychology, Linguistcs, Law and Life Sciences.

2. Main Sub-divisions of Anthropology, their scope and abps:

(i) Social¬cultural Anthropology
(ii) Biological Anthmpology.
(iii) Archaeological Anthmpology.
(iv) Ecological Anthropology.
(v) Linguistic Anthropology.
(v) Linguistic Anthropology.
(vi) Applied and Action Anthropology.

3. Basic Concepts: Culture-meaning, Characteristics, basic attributes, functions, autonomy of culture, culture area. culture relativism culture and nature. Band, community, tribe, caste and class. Institutions, groups and society. Society, culture and civilization distinguished. 4. Family, Marriage and Kinship : Bases, structure, organizatipnand functions of the family; stability and change; Is family an universal social institution?

4. Definition of marriage: Bride-wealth; Forms of marriage; Exogamy and endogamy; polygamy and monogamy; hypergamy, hypogamy and isogamy; Levirate and Sororate; Prescripti ve and preferential marital alliances. Kin-types and categories, Kin-terminology and kinship usages, Descent and Descent groups.

5. Economic Anthropology: Scope, prevalent modes of subsistence in the World of prirnitives; Food-gathering, pastoralism, shifting cultivation, settled agriculture; modes of exchange, reciprocity, re-distribution, market and trade; primitive economy and peasant economy distinguished.

6. Political Anthropology: Scope; state and stateless political systems; concept of power, distribution of power, decision making, law and justices.

7. Religion and Magic: Concept and functions of religion; functionaries in the field of religion and magic, theories of origin of religion, totemism, taboo, magic and witch craft.     

8. Comparative methods: Field work tradition: Methods of data-collection: Observation, genealogical method, Interview, caste-study.  

SECTION 'B'-I

1. Theories of organic evolution: Lamarckism, Darwinism Synthetic Theory Processes of Evolution  Humanization Process, Radiation.

2. Man's place in Nature, primates: classification and distribution.

3. Comparative anatomy of Man and Ape, PriIIl3te Locomotion Quadrupedalism, Bipedolism. Brachiation, Bipedalism.

4. Fossil evidance for Human Evolution: Major Primate fossils in Pre Pleistocene. Ramapithecen Australopithecene, Homo-Erectus; Pithecan Thropus, Sinanthropus, Homosaplens; Homo-Neandertha1ensis-Conservative and Progressive, Homosapiens sapiens-Chromagnon, Grimaldi, Chaocelade.

5. Recent advances in understanding Human Evolution, Multi disciplinary approacht-.s to. Human Evolution.

6. Human Genetics: Mearnng and scope. It's relevance in Physical Anthropology, Mendelian Principles in relation to Human population, Sex-linked Inheritance, Physical Basis of Genetic-Cell Structure and division, Gametogenesis-Seprematogellcsis and Oogenesis. Human Chromosomes: Normal and Abnormal Set. Chromosomal anamalies, Genetic Counselling. Polygenes and MultipleAllelas. ABO and Rh blood-group systems. Mediro.legal applications of Genetics.

7. Methods of Genetics Study: PodigreeAnalysis.Family Study, Twin Method, Orphan and Foster child Method, Bio-chemicai Method, Immunological Method, . Chromosomal Analysis, Recombinant DNA techniques.

8: Classification of rnankind: Concept of Race, Role of heredity and Environment in formation of Race. Major Races of the World-Caucasoid, Mongoloid and Negroid.

9. Human Growth and development: meaning and scope, method studying growth-cross-sectiotal, longitudinal. Nutritional requirements for Nonnal Human Growth, Disorders of Growth.                             

SECTION 'B'

1. Concepts: Evolution, diffusion, tradition, cultural patterns, social function, social structure, social oiganization.    

2. Role of Ethnography, Ethnology & Field-Work in the development of a anthropological theory.

3. Theories of culture and society: Classical Evolutionism, Neoevolutionism, . Histroicalism. Diffusionism, Functionalism, Structure-functionalism, Structuralism.

4. Anthropological approachfothe study of human personality: national character studies. Recent trends in psychological anthropology.

5. Cognitive Anthropology: Scope, aims, methoos and relevance.

6. Anthropolcgical approach to the study of peasantry. Primitive society and peasantry distingwshed. Folk renrjnology and tIaditional cultures.

7. Social change and culture change. Social mobility. social circulation, innovation and acculturation. Approaches to the study of micro-level contemporary change. Situational anatysis and extended case method.

8. Study of values: Values as a category of anthropological description Cultural relativism and the issue of universal values. Changing value of system and modern society.  

PAPER-II

Indian Anthropology

1. Pre-historic. proto-historic and Vedic sources of India's culture.

2. Varna. purushartha. Ashram. Joint family and caste-system as the bases of India's social system; the socio-cultural disabilities of certain caste-groups: Impact of the Janism. the Buddhism. the Islam and the Christianity on society in India.

3. Contemporary society and culture: colltributionsof :mthropologists to the understanding of India's tribal and urban cultures and Indian society as a whole.

4. Analytical constructs and processes : Tribe-caste continuum, poverty culture. traditional culture. dominant caste. rural cosmpolitanism. sacred complex. little tradition, great tradition. primary and secondary civilization. parochializatien. universalisation, sankritization, urbanization and modernization.

5. India's poverty culturs Linguistic. geographical. and ethi1ic distribution and demographics profiles of Indian tribes; expolitation and deprivation of the schedued tribes. scheduled castes and other backward communities in India; their prob¬lems of under-employment. low literacy indebtedness and land alienation; impact of iJroanization, Indl:strialisationand modernizaticn on these commanities.

6. Constitutional and legal safe guards lmd planned development for scheduled trubes anti scheduled castes; A critical evaluation of constitutional and legal provisions and developmental pl&IlSarAl policies oflbeir up-lift; forest policy and tribal development 7. Role of anthropologists in integrated development of tribal antI rural people in India; ccntemporary movements in tribal India.

Civil Engineering

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PAPER-I

PART 'A'

(a) Theory of Structures: Principle of superposition; ,reciprocal the.orem unsymmetrical bending. DeteIminate artd indeterminate Structures; simple and space frames degrees of freedom virtual work energy theorem; deflection of trusses; indeterminate beams & frames. three-moment; equation; slope defletion and moment distribution methods; column analogy; Energy methods; approximate and numerical methods. Moving loads-Shearing force and Bending moment diagrams, influence lines for simple and continuous beams. Analysis of determinae and indeterminate arches. Matrix methods of analysis, stiffness and flexibility matrics.

(b) Steel Design: Factors of safety and load factor; Design of tension, compression and flexural members; built up beams and plate girders, semi-rigid connections. Design of Stanchions. Slab and gusseted bases; gantry girders; roof tIusses; IndusLrial and muitistoreyed buildings. Plastic design of frames and portals.

(c) R C Design: Working stress and limit State methods of design; Design of slabs. simple and continuous beams. rectangle T & Lsections, columnes, Footing single and combined, raft foundations, Elevated water tanks, emcased beams and column, Methods and systems of prestressing. anchorages, losses in prestress.  

PART 'B'

(a) Fluid Mechanics: Dynamics of fluid flow-Equations of continuity; energy and momentum. Bemoull's theroem; cavitmion, Velccity potential 'and steam function; rotational and irrotational flow; free and forced vertices; flonet. Dimensiona! analysis and its application to practical tubes; film lubrication. Velocity distribution in laminar and turbulent flow; critical velocity; losses, Stamption diagram. Hydraulic and energy grade lines, siphons, pipe network. Forces on pipe bends. Compressible flow. Adiabatic and isentropic flow, subsonic and supersonic velocity; Mach number, shock wave, Water Hammer:

(b) Hydraulic Engineeing: Open channel flow-Unifonn and non-uniform flow, best hydraulic cross-section. Specific energy and critical depth, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles; control section; standing wave flume; Surges and waves; Hydraulic jump.

Design of canals: Unlined channels in alluvium; the critical tractive stress principles of sediment transport, regime theories, lined channels; hydraulic design and cost analysis; drainage behind lining. Canal Structure-Designs of regulations work; cross drainage falls, aquteducts metering flumes, etc. Canal outlets .

Diver Headworks: Principles of design of different parts on impermeable and permeable foundations; Khosla's theory; Energy dissipation, sediment exclusion.

Dams-Design of rioid dames, earth darns; Forces acting on dams; stability analysis Spillway- different types and their suitability. Design of spillways.

(c) Wells and Tube wells:  Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering-Sol Mechanics-Origin and ciassification of soils; Atterburg limits, void ratio; moistllre contents; perrneability laboratory and field tests. Seepagt and flow nets, flow under hydraulic structures, uplift and quick sand condition. Unconfined and direct sheat tests; triaxial test; earth pressure theorie  stability of slopes theories of soil consolidation rate of settlement. Total and effective stress analysis, pressure distribution in soils; Boussinesque and Westerguard theolies. Soil stabilization. Foundation Engineering, Bearing capacity of Footings; piles and wells; design of retaining walls; Sheet Piles and caissons. Machine foundations.

PAPER-II

PART 'A'

(a) Builiding Construction:  Building Materials and Construction-timber, stone, brick, cement, steel sand, mortar, concrete, paints and varnishes plastics, water proofing and damp proofing materials.

Detailing of walls, floors, roofs, staircases, doors and windows. Finishing of building plastering, pointing, painting etc. Use of building codes. Ventilation, air conditioning, lighting and acoustics. Fire proofing and Earthqualce resistand of buildings. Building estimates and specifications. construction scheduling PERT AND CPM methods, Base chart.

Electrical Engineering

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PAPER-I

(I) E.M. Theory: Analysis of Electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. Laplace, Poisson &" Maxwell's equations. Electromagr.etic wave and wave equations. Poyntning's 1beorem. Waves on transmission lines. Wave-gJ.lides Microwave resonators.

(ii) Networks & System: Systems and signals, Network Theorems and their applications. Transient and state analysis of systems. Transform techniques in circuit analysis laplace transform, foureen transform; Couppled circuits; Resonant circuits; Balanced three-Phase cirwits; Network functions. Two port network. Network parameters. Elements of network synthesis Elementary active network. Graph theory.

(iii) Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation: Basic methods of meascrements. Error analysis. Elect.rical standards. Measurement of voltage. current, power, energy, power factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance, frequency. Loss Angles indicating instruments D.C and A.C. Bridges. Electronic measuring intruments. Multimeter, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, oscilioscope techniques, special purpose CROs.

Transducers and their classitication. Temp., Displacement, strain, pressure, velocity transducers, thermo-couple, thermistor. LVDT, strain gauges, piezo-electric crystal etc. transducers. Application of tranducers in the measurement of non-electrical quantities like pressure, temperature, displacement, velocity, acceleration, flow-rate, etc. Data-acquisition systems.

(iv) Analog & Digital Electronics: Semicondcctor diodes & zener-diodes. Bipolar junction transistor and their parameters. Transistor biasing, analysis ef all types of amplifiers including feedback and d.c. amplifiers Operational amplifiers and their applications. Analog computers. Feedback oscillators- colpitts and Hartley types; wave form generators. Multivibrators. Boolelo'n algebra, Logic gates. Combinational  and sequential digital circuits. Semiconductor memories,ND & D/A Converters.

Microprocessor: Numbe: Systems and codes, elements of micropoecessors & their important applications.

(v) Electrical Machines: D.C. Machines: Communication ane! armature reaction, characteristics and performance of motors and generators. Applications, starting and speed control. Synchronous generators' Annature reaction, voltage regulation, parallel operation. Single and three-Phase indcction motors: PIinciple of operation and performanal characteristics, starting and speed control. Synchronous motors. Principie of operation. PeIformance analysis, Hunting. Synchronuus condensers. Transformers: Constructiop, Phasor diagram, equaivalent circuit, voltage regulation. Performance, Auto-transformers, instrument Transformers. Three phase transformers.  

(vi) Material Scientt: Bond Theory, Semiconductors. Conductors and insulators.

Supercon@ctivity. Varioas Insulators used for electrical and Electronic applications. Different magnetic materials, properties and application, Hall effect.

PAPER-II

SECTION-A

(1) Control Engineering: Mathematical modeIing of physical dynamic systems. Block diagram and signal flow graph. Transfer function. Time response and frequency response of linear system. Error evaluation. Bode-plot plar plot and Nichol's chart, rain margin and phase .margin. Stability of linear feedback control system; Routh-Hurwitz and Nayguist criteria. Root locus technique. Design of compensatues. state- variable methods in system modeling, analysis and design. controllability observability and their testing methods. Pole placement design using state variable feedback. Control system components Potention motors, Tachometers, synchros & servomotors).

(2) Industrial Electronics: Various power semiconductor devices. Thyristor & its protection and series-parallel operation Single phase and polyphase lectifien. Smoothing filters. D.C. regulated power-supplies. Controlled converters and inverters, choppers. Cycle-converters. A.C. Voltage regulators. Application to variable speed drives Induction and dielectric healing. Timers and welding circuits

SECTION-B (HEAVY CURRENTS)

(3) Electrical Machines:

1. Fundamental of electromechanical energy conversion. Analysis of EIectromagnetic torque and Induced voltages. The general torque equation.

2. 3-Phase Induction Motors: Concept of revolving field. Induction motor as a transformer. Phaser diagram and equivalent circuit. Performance evaIution. Correlation of induction motor operation with basic torque relations. Torque-speed characteristics. Cricle diagram starting and speed control methods.

3. Synchronous Machines: Generation of e.mJ. Linedf and non-linear analysis.

Equivalent circuit. Experimental determination of leakage and synchronous reactances. Theory of salient pele machines. Power equation. Parallel operation. Transient and sub-transient reactancs and time constants. Synchronous motor. Phaser diagram and equivalent circuit. Performance, V-curves. Power factor cuntrol, hunting.

4. Special Machines: Two phase a.c. servomotrs. Equivaient circuit and performence. Stepper motors. Metheds of operation. Drive amlifiers Half stepping. Reluctance type stepper motor. Principle and working bf universal motor. Single phase a.c. compensated series motor. Principle and working os schrage motor.

5. Electric Traction: Various system of track electrification and their comparisign. Mechanics of train movement. Estimation of tractive effort'and frergy lequirement. Traction motors and theiI characteristics.

6. power System and Protection: Typts of Power Station: Selection of site. General layout to thermal, hydro and nuclear stations. Economics of different types. Base load and peak load stations. Pumped  storage plants. 

2. Transmission and Distribution: A.c. and D.C. Transmission systems.

Transmissiun line parameters and calculations Performance of shon medium and long transmission lines. A H.C,D parameters. lnsulators. Mechanical design of over head transmission lines and saq calculation. Curona and its effects. Radio interence. EHY AC and HYDC tral1smission lines underground cables.

Perunit representation of power system. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis. Symmetrical components and their application to fault analysis. Load flow analysis using Gauss seidal and Newton-Rcphson methods. Fast de-coupled load flow. Steady state and transitent stability Equal area criterian. Economic operatipn of power system. Inclemental fuel costs and fuel ratias. Penality factors. ALFC and AYR control for real time operation of inter-connected power systems.  

3. Protection: Principles of are extincticn. Classification circuit breaker

Restriking phenomenon. Calculation of restriking and recovery voltages. Interruption of small inducative and capacitives currents. Testing of circuit breakers.

4. Relaying Principles: Primary and back-up relaying. Over current, differntial, impedance and directional relaying principles construction details:

Protection scheme for transmission line, transformer. generator and bus Protection, current and protential transformers and their applications in relaying. Travellins. Protection against  surges. Surge  impedance.

SECTION-C (Light Current)

(7) Communication Systems: Amplitude, frequency and phase modulation and their comparison, generation and detection of amplitude, frequency, phase and pulse modulated signals using oscillatots. Modulators and demodulators. Noise problems. Channel efficiency. Sampling theorem. Sound and vision broadcast transmitting and receiving , systems. Antennas and feeders. Tran & mission lines al audio, radio and ultrahigh frequencies.

Fiberoptics and optical communication system Digital communication systems. LAN, ISDN etc. Electronic Exchanges.

(8) Microwaves: Electromagnetic waves in guided media, wave guides.

Forestry & Enviromental Science

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PAPER-I

SECTION A : Forestry

1. Dendrology: Families of forestry importance general account and floral stucturc of Gymnosperms- Geneffiis, Coniferals and Taxales Angiosperms-salicacear, Myricaceae, Juglandaceae, Retulaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, Moraeeae. Magnoliaceae, Laauranceae. Rosaceae. Leguminosae. Rutaceae, Meliar.eae, Ancardiaceae, Acceraceae. Hippocastanceaceae. Rhamnaceae, Tiliaceae, Ericaceae, Ole.aceae. Sapindaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Bambocaceae Euphorbiacere, Palman.

2. Silvicultutre: Definiation of SilvicuItnre and the object ofits study-Definition of forest & Forestry-its scope and clacification. Relation of silviculture with forestry and its branches. Need for consevation of existing forests and Creation of new forest in India.

Ecology of Indian Forets: factors determining forest types climatic factors, solar radiation, light and temperature as factor of locality, Factors determining the temperature as the basic of classification of vegetation. Effects of wind, dew, atmospheric humidity and evaporation on forest vegetation. Topographic factos, Edaphic factors. Biotic factors Grazfng lands-advantages and disadvantages. Classification of forest types: definition, objective and various type of classification. ImplJrtant forest types of lndia

3. Silviculture of Trees Group A

I. Pinus roxburghii(Pine) 2. Cedrus deodara (Deodar) 3. Abies pindrow

Silver fir) 4. Pinus geradiana.        

Group B

1. Tectona grandis (Teak) 2. Et:calyptus 3. Santalum album (Sancial). 4. Bamboo 5. Populus spp. 6. Dalbergia sissoo,

Group C

1. Quercus leucortrichophora 2. Anegeissus lattifolia (Dhaura ) 3. Adina cordifolia (Haldu)4. bomhax ceiba (Semal)

4. Forest Mensuration: Introduction, Deflnation &l1d conventiors, up-its of measurement and standards of accuracy implied in their expression. Measurement of diameter and girth concept of Breast Height, measurement of diametcr/girthunder different conditions, Measurement of height of trees Study of increment of trees, Form of trees, Measurement of trees in field and their outtum, measurement of ( a) stem, round and sawn wood  (B)crown, branch and root wood (c) bark and chorocal. Sample plot; definition, objects and kind of objects and methods, measurement of volume of standing trees and forest crops .

5. Plantation Forestry: Seed source and seeding establishment: Biology of tree seeding esttoblishment Nursery management Soil aspects of nurseryman cigement. Site preparation: Selection of site, consideration of site suitability. Tending of plantation' Stand growth an yield: need for pruning, thinning regimes tor important phntation species. Failure of Plantations  Reasons for faHure and remedial techniques. Afforestations of in hospitable sites drought prone, and, marshy, saline, sandy sites, etc.

SECTION B- Environment Sciences

1. Environment.: Definition, Components: Atmosphere. Hydrospnere, Lithospheie, Biosphere, Structure, composition and interaction of environmental components. Concept of Biosphere-2.

2. Environmental Movement: Genesis and evoluaion of Environmental movements. Environmental Awareness and Publlic Participation. The Chlpko Movement. Silent Valley Movemenl. Appiko Movement, Narmada Bachao Andolan. Tehri Dam Conflict.

3. Ecosystem: Concept, structure, component. Abiotic and biotic variables.

Ecosystem function, trophic levels, energy, flow, food chain, food web, Ecosystem homeostasis. Examples of Ecosystems (pond, lake, river, forest and mountain).

4. Chemical Composition of Air Stratospheric chemistry: Ozone Oxygen and Ozone cheriristry, Catalytic decomposition processes of Ozone. Tropospheric Chemistry-Smog Chemistry of air pollutants photochemical smog. Atmospheric aerosols.

5. Toxic Chemical In the Environment (Air and Water): Xenobiotic compounds-detergents, pesticides, plastics. Biochemical aspect of Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Carbon monoxide. Pollution Air pollution. Water Pollution. Noise and Radioactive Pollution.

PAPER-II

SECTION-A Forestry

1. Forest Ecology and Biodiversity: Forest Ecology-Ecosystem Ecology, Ecology & ecosystem concepts, genetic & evolutionary aspects of ecosystems, population ecology, community ecology. Application of ecological information in the management of forest ecosystems. RenewabIlity of natural resources and implication for forest management.

Biodiversity: concept and types; biodiversiLy monitoring & measurements.

Bio-geographic region of Indian: biodiversity status Global and India scenado Factors causing degradation and loss of biodiversity, conservation.

2. Mycology and Forest Pathology: Economic importance, morphology, leproduction, characteristic and classification of fungi belonging to different groups with special reference to pathogenic forms of forest trees. Symptoms and classification of plant diseases.

General principles of plant pathology. Nop infectious disorders of forest trees.

Diseasaes caused by phanerogemic plant parasite lime Dendrophthoe, Acanthobium, Lorenthus etc. Major forest, disease caused by fungi in forest nurseries, plantations and natural forest. Disease caused by viruses and micoplasmal organisms, Timber decay and its protection Epidemiology. Management of forest diseases. General principles of diseases control and management, fungicides and fumigants; their application, plant quarantine.

3. Forest Entomology: Importance of entomology in forestry with special reference to economic losses. General organization of external structure of an insect. Insect damage and sign categories.

Classification of major groups of insects (Colcoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, lsoptera, Orthopters, I-tymnoptera, Diptera) upto order and family. Insect-feeding groups-defoliating, sapsucking and mites, Terminal, shoot, twing and root, insects. Seed and cone insects, boring insects, gall makers. concepts of integrated pest management population dynamics offorest insects.  

4. Wild Life Management : People and wildlife-values of wildlife. Unique wild lite of india, rare and threatened animals, reddala beok, agencies involved in wild life conservation, causes for extinction of wild animals, wild life protection act, national parks, sanctuarks, game reserves, closed areas; famous birds sanctuaries, project tiger, biological basis of wild life management. Managerr.ent for preserving natural diversity.

5. Social and Agroforestry : Social forestry : concept scope and objectives types of social forestry, mass involement and role of extension in sccial forestry. Agroforestry : agroforestry system classficiations, socioeconomic and ecologic aspects of agroforestry management oftrees in agroforestry, diagnosis and design technique, Multipurpose trees in agrc forestry free crop interactions, soil productivity aspects of agroforestry, economic aspect of agroforestry,

6. Forest Policy and Legislation: Definition-necessity offorest policy, Indian forest policy Indian forest policies of 1894, 1952 and 1988 Reports of the National comission on Agriculture and different aspects of forests. Forest law; Legal definition of various terms used in Indian Forest Act. (a) Constitution of reserved.forest as in Chapter-II of {FA (1927).

SECTION B-Environment Sciences

Natural resom'ces (With special reference to Uttaranchal) : Forest TCM)turres and their management Water resources and their management. Wildife resources and their zmanagemenl. Land resources and their management.

Biodiversity and its Conservation: Definition of biodiversity. Hotspots of biodiversity. Strategies for biodiversity coilservation. Biodiversity Convention.

Environmental Protection: Provision of enviromnental protection in Indian costitutior. (Article 48A and 51 A). Environmental Protection Act 1986. Wildlife Protection Act 1972 amended t 991. Forest Conservation Act 1980 and amended upto date. The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974 and amended uptodate. Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974. and amended uptodate. Air (Prevention & Control of pollution) Ar..t 1981 and amended upto date. Biodiversity Conservation Bill. Ecomark.

Environmental Monitoring: Aims and objectives of environmental monitoring.

Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS). National Monitoring Programmes. Bioindicators. EI-Nino and ENSO.

Remote Sensing: Definition, history & evalution. Electromagnetic radiations.

Interaction between EMR and atmosphere. Platforms and Sensors. Thermal Remote Sensing. Microwave Remote Sensing.

Energy Use Pattern : Energy use pattern in India. Energy use pattern in mountainous rural areas (uttaranchal). Environmental implications of energy use.

Conventional Energy Resources: Fossil fuels-classification, compostition and physico-chemical chacters. Energy contents of coal, petroleum and natural gas. Hydro energy- Megal Micro hydel Projects, hydroenergy management in Uttaranchal.  

Non Conventional Energy Resources : Sovar : Energy : Solar Collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds. Wind energy. Bioenerg Energy form biomass & biogas.

Tidal Energy. Nudear Energy (Prospects and retrospects).          

Global Environmentai Problems: Ozone Layer Depletion. Global Warming (Green House Effect). Acid Rains. Deforestation. Desertification,Climatechange.

Current Environmental Issues in India Mega Dams and Environment (Tehridam, Narmada dam, Almetti dam). Wasteland and their reclamation. Formation and reclamation of Usar , Alkaline and sliline soils Vehicular pollution and Urban Air quality. Water Crisis.

Agricultural Engineering

TOP

PAPER-I

1. Fluid Mechanics: Auid properties, units and dimensions; mass, momentum  and energy conservation principles special cases of Navier-stoke equation vorticity, flow of fluids in pipes and channels friction factor turbulence; instruments and measurement systems.

2. Beat and Mass Transfer: Thermal properties of materials, units and dimensions steady state and transient heat conduction natural and forced convection; boiling, condensation; thermal radiation heat exchangers; heat-mass transfer analogy; thermal radiation heat exchangers; heat-mass transfer analogyficks laws psychrometics;analysis of heat and mass transfer processes instruments and measurements systems.

3. Surveying, Levelling and Land Development Linear Measurements: different surveying devices and methods; land grading and leveling; contouring and terracing, earth work estimation; land development, budgeting, power driven earth moving machinery, bullock drawn land leveling and terrace construction Tllachinery.

4. Pumps : Design, construction, performance characterization, selection, installatio, servicing and maintenance of reciprocating, centrifugal, gear, furbine, submersible, propeller, jet and air lift pumps and hydraulic rams; renewabable and non-renewable power sources for pumps.

5. Process and Food Engineering: Units operations in post-harvest processing (cleaning, grading, drying, size reduction, evaporation, pasteurization, distillation): processing of food grains, animal feed, seed, fruits & vegetables, flowers, spices, dairy products. eggs and meat design of processing equipment and systems.

6. Storage and Handling Engineering: Changes in stored products during storage; storage food grains & their products, feed, fruits and vegetables, flowers, spieces dariy products, eggs and meat; air tight. ventilated, refrigerated, modified atmosphere and controlled atomosphere storage systems; packaging; conveyors; design and management of storage and handing systems.

7. Rural Engineering: Building materials and their properties: design of beams slabs, columns and foundations; fencing; planning and design of rural houses in plains and in hills made out of stones & timber, farm roads, village drainage systems, waste disposal and sanitary structures; material and cost estimation in construction; integrated rural energy planning and development; rural electrifcation.  

PAPER-II

1. Themodynamics and beat Engines: Concept of energy; temperature and heat; equation of state; laws of thermodynamics; pure substances and properties; enrropy; boilers, boiler efficiency; steam engines and turbines; rankine, air standard' Otto, diesel and Joule'cycles, indicator diagrams; I.C. engines.

2. Farms Power : Sources of power on farm; farm power and agricultural producitvity relationship, comparison of tractor/engine power with animal power operation and constructional features 0f I.C. engines; various systems present in I.c. engines, viz, carburation, ignition, cooling; lubrication, starting and electrical system, values and valve tinrings; special features of diesel engines; tractors: thei(ciassification, power transmission, cluth, drawbar, three-point hitch, p.t.o., belt and pulley; tractor controls; tractor chassis; stability; trouble shooting, repair and mailltenance of tractors; tractor tP-sting; economics of tractor utilization, small t.tractors and power tillers their economics and suitability.

3. Farm Machinery: Design, construction, operation, repair and maintenance of primary and secondary tillage tools; implements mid machines, viz, m.b. plough, disc plough, rotary tillers, harrow and cultivator; seeding, planting and transplanting machines; weeders; sprayers and dusters; forage harvesters and mowers; reapers, threshers, winowers and combines harvesters, crop and soil factor affecting machine performance and energy requirements, economics of  tracombining and other mechanized operations, selection of farm machines, bullock driven and hand operated farm equipment suitable for hill agriculture.

4. Irrigation Engineering: Water resources of India soil-water plant relationship; permeability infiltration percolation, evaporation water requirements of crops and irrigation scheduling direct and indirect methods of soil inoisrure measurement; meaurement of irrigation water weirs and notches, orific, parshall flumes, H-flumes, etc; wateiconveyance and control design of field channel and canals Lacey and kennedy's therie most economical channel cross-section selection of undergro and pipe line structures and their design; irrgaiion methods-thcir hydraulics and design, viz, border, furrow, flood, drip & sprinkler methods; concepts in irrigation effciellcie. design of gravity fed irrigation systems, viz drip, sprinkler etc. for terraced farming in hills.

5. Drainage Engineering : Benefits of drainage; hydraulic conductivity; drainable porosity drainage coefficient; surface drainage; drainage of flat and sloping Indds; design of open ditches; their alignment and construction design and layout of sub surface drains; depth and spacing of drains and drainage outlets; installation of drains and drainage wells; drainage of salt affected areas, design of ntercepter drains for hilly regions.

6.Soil and Water Conservation Engineering : Forms of precipitation hydrologic cycle point rainfall analysis; frequency analysis; watershed management; definition and concepts; management techniques for agricultural and forested watershed in plains and hills estimation of peak runoff; factors affectig run-of; hydrograph concepts of unit and instantaneous unit hydrograph soil erosion: mechanics of water and wind erosion types, factors affection damages associated with soil erosion soil loss estimation hy Universal Soil Loss Equation land capability classification soil erosion control hy vegetative and mechanical measures on various clases of land vito contour cultivation. strip cropping. bunding. terracing afforestation, pastures. etc grassed waterway and its design design of fully control measures including permanent structares. viz chute spillway. drop spillway, drop intel spillway steam bank erosion and control control of mass soil movement and land slides in hilis lead flood routing flood control and management through soil and water managcment in upstrem zones water harvesting techniques suitable for hills & plains.

Computer Science

TOP

PAPER-I

Algorithms and Flowcharts : Problem analysis. flow chart the concept and properties of algorithms elementary algorithm development algorithms evolving decision and loops

Computer Fundamentals Simple model of Computer Characteristics and generation of Computers Binary numbers Codes and arithmetic binary octal hexadecimal number, systems and their conversion form one number system to anther number system.

Data Representation Data types, fixed and floating point representation

Description of I/O units, memory organization Ram. Rom. Cache memory serial and random access memory concept of operating systems computer communications and networking.

Computer Based Numerical Methods & Fortran Programming

Numerical Methods Errors in numerical calculations  absolute relative and percentage errors A general error formula, errors in series approximation Floating andnormatised floating point representation of numbers Simultaneous linear equations: matrix inversion Gauss-Jordan and Gass lemination method with piveting and without pivoting III conditioned equations refinement of solutions

Numerical Integration Gaussial General Quadrature formula Trapezoidal and Simposon's rule Romberg integration

Numelical solutions of algebric equations (in one known quanlity only)

Bisection method network Raphson method and inerative method

Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations Eular's method and Rungekuttam ethods

Fortran programming: Programming preliminaries. constants and variables, arithmetic expression. I/O statements. control statements, Do-statements, subscripted variable. formats in FORTRAN. functions and subroutines.

Logical Organisation of Computer:

Basic Logic Design: Truth tables. truth functions. Boolean a1gera. combinational circuit design wilh AND. OR. NOT. NAND. NOR. XOR gates and multiplexers, flip-flops, shift registers and counters. simple arithmetic and logic circuits.  

CPU Architecture  Instruction forma addressing modes, Direct, Indirect, Immediate Relative Indirect mouses Addressing formats: Zero, Single, Double, Register etc Instruction selection Instruction execution, Fetch-Execute cycle, sped mismatch between CPU and memory and methods of alleviating it I/O architecture

Properties of simple I/O devices land their controllers Transfer of information between I/O devices CPU and memory, alleviating speed mismatch between I/O units and memory, DMA control I/O channel and peripheral processors.

C Programming : Variables, expression, assignments and data types, preprocessor. Use of print of and scan fo, branchwise statements, flow of controls, arrays, strings, pointers, scope and storage classes, function, call by Values and cell by references, Structures. umons and file handiong.

Data and File Structures :

Arrays, Records and Stacks : The notatin of data structures, primitive and composite data types. ordered lists and polynomials, representation or arays, records and stacks, evaluation of expressions using stacks.

Lists, Queus and Trees : Single and doubly linked lists, queues, circular queues, basic terminology of trees, binary trees representation and traversal.

PAPER-II

Operating System : Operating system as resource manager, operating system series and classification: single user, multi, interactive and real time.

Processor Management : Process and task concept, timesharing and batch processing, process control blocks, semaphores, CPU scheduling, Dead locks, avoidance, detection, prevention and recovery of deadlocks.

Memory Management: Resident monitor Partition fixed and variable, Virtus memory. Paging, demand paging, segmentation page replacement algorithms, hierarchy of memory type.

Data Communication and Net Works :

Communications : Concepts of data transmission, Signal encoding, modulation methods, synchronization, multiplexing and concentration, coding methods, cryptography.

Networks : Design and goals of Networking. Communication system architecture OSI reference model topology types, selections, design, local area networks (LAN), CSMA CD, token bus, token ring techniques, link level control (LLC) protocol, medium access control (MAC) protocol wide area networks (WAN), Concept in network layer, packets switched networks, switching techniques, routing methods.

Object-Oriented Programming In C⁺⁺

Paradigms and Metaphors: Active data, classes, Encapsulation and inheritance, Types of object oriented system.

OOPS Tools : Development of programming language, C declaration and constants, expression and statements. function, .classes, operator and function overloading constructor and distructor. derived class, files and stresses, graphics in C". Virtucal functions, Windows Programming through Visual C⁺⁺ 

Microprocessors and Interfacing : Micro computers and microprocessors, 8-bil microprocessors, Instructions and timings; 8085 instruction set and programming, stacks subrouting, interrupt structure and 110 technique, interfacing concepts and devices, programmable, interfacing devices, serial I/0; l6 -bit microprocessor, architecture of 8086.